ReviewTheranostics2021
Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling for enhanced cancer chemotherapy.
Review in Theranostics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive epithelial-mesenchymal bi-directional transition: A key invasive plasticity for tumor metastasis.iScience · 2026Review
- Mechanobiology of the tumor microenvironment: a review of therapeutic interactions and in vitro elasticity measurement techniques.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Research progress on the biological function and molecular mechanism of GDF-15 in solid malignant tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Testosterone and cancers: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- NIR-II Nanomedicine Engineered CAR-NK Cells for Precision Navigation and Potentiating Lung Cancer Immunotherapy by Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- TGF-β Signaling as a Pathological Continuum Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Transforming growth factor-β and integrins: key players in EMT and breast cancer progression.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- TGF-β in hematologic malignancies: molecular functions and clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- STING signaling pathway: An oasis in the glioblastoma immune desert.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological and Etiological Corroborations for the Mechanistic Design of Intranasal Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- The role of pluripotency regulators in triple-negative breast cancer immune response.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Enhancement of Platinum-based Drug Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Hyperthermia-induced Activation of the TGF-β1/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.Current molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Stemness regulation in prostate cancer: prostate cancer stem cells and targeted therapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Collagen-disrupting attIL12 TIL therapy boosts deep T cell infiltration via dual signaling activation and CCKAR reduction in sarcomas.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Cancer Stem Cell Populations in Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Revisiting the TGFβ paradox: insights from HPV-driven cancer and the DNA damage response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Pharmacological modulation of stem cells signaling pathway for therapeutic applications.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- The Importance of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Pathways in Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review.Cells · 2025Review
- Applications of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Related Nanomedicines in Tumors and Vascular Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the past decades, drugs targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling have received tremendous attention for late-stage cancer treatment since TGFβ signaling has been recognized as a prime driver for tumor progression and metastasis. Nonetheless, in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGFβ functions as a potent tumor suppressor. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling plays a key role in normal development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune evasion, and by suppressing tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy is challenging. Recently, we and others showed that blocking TGFβ signaling increased chemotherapy efficacy, particularly for nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly introduce the TGFβ signaling pathway, and the multifaceted functions of TGFβ signaling in cancer, including regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the behavior of cancer cells. We also summarize TGFβ targeting agents. Then, we highlight TGFβ inhibition strategies to restore the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate the tumor vasculature, reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impair the stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to enhance cancer chemotherapy efficacy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.