ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulated blood biomarkers in women with acute and chronic respiratory conditions due to air pollutant exposure: An exploratory systematic review.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Citalopram Neuroendocrine Challenge Shows Altered Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolism in Migraine.Cells · 2022Trial
- A randomized, controlled, feasibility study of RD-X19 in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the outpatient setting.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Structure-guided design and synthesis of Etoricoxib analogues for selective COX-2 inhibition: in vitro assessment and computational insights with prospective in vivo confirmation.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Functional and Transcriptional Responses of Neutrophils from Dogs Living Under Different Housing Conditions Following In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CB2 Receptor Activation Attenuates IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Transcriptomic Networks in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Composite probiotics improve growth performance and enhance immune and antioxidant capacity in weaned yaks by modulating rumen microbiota and their metabolites.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Engineered Bacterial Nanosyringes Induce Transient and Controllable Hepatic Immune-Metabolic Responses.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- TNF-α and IL-1β but not IL-18 counteract TGF-β1 mediated stimulation of collagen accumulation and increased extracellular matrix strength and stiffness.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CTC cluster in breast cancer: synergetic metastasis promotion mechanism and transformation path from platelet cloaking to leukocyte escort.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Distinct host-pathogen and microbiome responses of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) following exposure to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae with or without co-exposure to leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Translating Host-Derived Signals from Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomic Sequencing into a Diagnostic Tool for Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Orchestrating neuroinflammation: A symphony of Interleukin-1 and cell type-specific Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 signaling in the brain.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2026Article
- Integrative Analysis of VSMC, Macrophage, and Fibroblast Responses to LDLs in Aortic Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Selected inflammatory markers in uterine and peripheral blood of bitches with pyometra.Journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- The role of medium-rough implant surface topography on macrophages polarization in age-independent manner.BMC oral health · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macrophages after inflammasome sensing of infection or danger, leading to caspase-1 processing of IL-1β and its release. However, many alternative mechanisms activate IL-1α and IL-1β in atypical cell types, and IL-1 function is also important for homeostatic processes that maintain a physiological state. This review focuses on the less studied, yet arguably more interesting biology of IL-1. We detail the production by, and effects of IL-1 on specific innate and adaptive immune cells, report how IL-1 is required for barrier function at multiple sites, and discuss how perturbation of IL-1 pathways can drive disease. Thus, although IL-1 is primarily studied for driving inflammation after release from macrophages, it is clear that it has a multifaceted role that extends far beyond this, with various unconventional effects of IL-1 vital for health. However, much is still unknown, and a detailed understanding of cell-type and context-dependent actions of IL-1 is required to truly understand this enigmatic cytokine, and safely deploy therapeutics for the betterment of human health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.