ArticleHealth and human rights2020
Police Discrimination, Misconduct, and Stigmatization of Female Sex Workers in Kenya: Associations with Delayed and Avoided Health Care Utilization and Lower Consistent Condom Use.
Article in Health and human rights, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A risk-differentiated, community-led intervention to strengthen uptake and engagement with HIV prevention and care cascades among female sex workers in Zimbabwe (AMETHIST): a cluster randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Harm Reduction Policing: A Scoping Review Examining Police Training as a Strategy to Overcome Barriers to HIV Services.Health and human rights · 2025Article
- Extreme Weather Events and Linkages with HIV Vulnerabilities Among Young Sex Workers and Sexually Diverse Men in Nairobi, Kenya: Qualitative Multi-method Insights.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Intimate partner sexual violence is associated with unhealthy alcohol use among Kenyan women engaged in sex work.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Associations of hair cortisol levels with violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol and other substance use among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.Discover mental health · 2024Article
- Emergency departments as under-utilized venues to provide HIV prevention services to female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.International journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Violence across the Life Course and Implications for Intervention Design: Findings from the Maisha Fiti Study with Female Sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Who Asks About HIV/STI Status?: An Analysis of Women Who Sell Sex and Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Mental health challenges and perceived risks among female sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Social and structural determinants of health associated with police violence victimization: A latent class analysis of female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Beaten but not down! Exploring resilience among female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Discrimination and violence against sex workers by police are common in many populations and are associated with negative health outcomes, as well as being per se violations of human rights laws and norms. There is a close and mutually reinforcing nexus between legally actionable rights violations and stigma, and reducing human rights violations against sex workers likely requires both legal and societal interventions that address both. In this paper, we first aim to estimate levels of discrimination, violence, and stigma against women sex workers by police in Kenya. Second, we aim to estimate the association between manifestations of discrimination and stigma, on the one hand, and general health care utilization and consistent condom use, on the other. Using data from a survey of Kenyan sex workers, we document widespread discrimination and stigma. Through regression analyses, participants with the highest levels of all three categories of manifestations of discrimination and stigma reported significant lower consistent condom use. Those with the highest levels of witnessed/heard manifestations were significantly more likely to delay or avoid needed health care, and the highest level of experienced manifestations were associated with a marginally significant increase in delay or avoidance. Our findings document a plethora of violations of human rights obligations under Kenyan and international law.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33390707PMC7762893What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.