ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2021
The effects of intermittent hypoxia on human nasal mucosa.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Practice Guideline: Clinical Efficacy of Nasal Surgery in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2023Guideline
- The Impact of NOJournal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Article
- A New Simpler and More Accurate Approach to the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Article
- SMAD4 Expression in Monocytes as a Potential Biomarker for Atherosclerosis Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Active metabolites and potential mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Intermittent Hypoxia on the Attenuation of Induced Nasal Allergy and Allergic Asthma by MAPK Signaling Pathway Downregulation in a Mice Animal Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Cytokine Expression Involved in Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIntermittent hypoxia (IH) is characterized by hypoxia-reoxygenation, reported to be a critical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This experiment aimed to evaluate the direct effects of IH on the human nasal mucosa.
methodsThe direct effects of IH on the human nasal mucosa was evaluated by measuring the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). The normoxia group was exposed to a normoxic condition for 72 h. The IH group was exposed to 288 cycles of IH (1 cycle: hypoxia, 5 min; subsequent normoxia, 10 min) for 72 h. CBF was measured using an automated computer-based video image processing technique. Changes in the expression of cytokines were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
resultsThe normoxia group revealed a persistent CBF pattern and a physiological range of inflammatory cytokines. However, the IH group showed a cyclic decrease in CBF and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Cytotoxicity assay indicated no difference in the survival rates between the two groups.
conclusionsIH results in increased expression of inflammatory cytokines that adversely affects the mucociliary transport in the upper airway and, consequently, may result in airway inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.