ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2021
Extracellular Vesicles Derived from a Human Brain Endothelial Cell Line Increase Cellular ATP Levels.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sequential-RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Mitochondria-containing large extracellular vesicles target mouse motor neurons upon intramuscular injection.Extracellular vesicle · 2026Article
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Mitochondrial Function: A Novel Strategy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-extracellular vesicle engineering delivery system: a promising therapeutic strategy for wound healing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Roles and Potential Mechanisms of Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Purinergic Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease-Joining Forces for Novel Therapeutic Approach.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles: a breakthrough approach to overcoming sperm cryopreservation challenges.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- E2F1/CDK5/DRP1 axis mediates microglial mitochondrial division and autophagy in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- In situ visualization of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation in steady state and malignant conditions.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier injury in chronic alcohol exposure: role of purinergic P2 × 7 Receptor signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles from mouse vs. human brain endothelial cells for ischemic stroke therapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Endothelial Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Hematopoiesis.Radiation research · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammatory Responses and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Chronic Alcohol Exposure: Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Signaling.Research square · 2024Article
- Ionic liquid-coated lipid nanoparticles increase siRNA uptake into CNS targets.Nanoscale advances · 2024Article
- Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Mitochondria-derived vesicles and their potential roles in kidney stone disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) reduce mouse brain infarct sizes and EV/HSP27 protect ischemic brain endothelial cultures.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Article
- Engineering Extracellular Vesicles to Modulate Their Innate Mitochondrial Load.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2022Article
- Review
- Quality Management Tools on the Stage: Old but New Allies for Rigor and Standardization of Extracellular Vesicle Studies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles hold immense potential as safe and efficient drug carriers due to their lower immunogenicity and inherent homing capabilities to target cells. In addition to innate vesicular cargo such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, EVs are also known to contain functional mitochondria/mitochondrial DNA that can be transferred to recipient cells to increase cellular bioenergetics. In this proof-of-concept study, we isolated naïve EVs and engineered EVs loaded with an exogenous plasmid DNA encoding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-EVs) from hCMEC/D3, a human brain endothelial cell line, and RAW 264.7 macrophages. We tested whether mitochondrial components in naïve or engineered EVs can increase ATP levels in the recipient brain endothelial cells. EVs (e.g., exosomes and microvesicles; EXOs and MVs) were isolated from the conditioned medium of either untreated (naïve) or pDNA-transfected (Luc-DNA or BDNF-DNA) cells using a differential centrifugation method. RAW 264.7 cell line-derived EVs showed a significantly higher DNA loading and increased luciferase expression in the recipient hCMEC/D3 cells at 72 h compared with hCMEC/D3 cell line-derived EVs. Naïve EVs from hCMEC/D3 cells and BDNF-EVs from RAW 264.7 cells showed a small, but a significantly greater increase in the ATP levels of recipient hCMEC/D3 cells at 24 and 48 h post-exposure. In summary, we have demonstrated (1) differences in exogenous pDNA loading into EVs as a function of cell type using brain endothelial and macrophage cell lines and (2) EV-mediated increases in the intracellular ATP levels in the recipient hCMEC/D3 monolayers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.