ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2021
Associations between neighborhood greenspace and brain imaging measures in non-demented older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between green space exposure and elderly health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Green Environments for Sustainable Brains: Parameters Shaping Adaptive Neuroplasticity and Lifespan Neurosustainability-A Systematic Review and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The Differences by Sex and Gender in the Relationship Between Urban Greenness and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Is Greenness Associated with Dementia? A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Green space exposure predicts manic episodes in bipolar disorder: one year longitudinal analysis using smartphone-derived GPS data.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Neighborhood greenspace and brain imaging outcomes in older adults without dementia from three US Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers.Health & place · 2026Article
- Assessing racial disparities in dementia-related vulnerabilities: a machine learning analysis of social, environmental, and climate factors.Ethnicity & health · 2026Article
- Driving the neural exposome: Latent mobility states from naturalistic GPS data in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Exploring the pathways between green space and blue space, and cognitive function in later life: a mediation analysis in Northern Ireland.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Living in a 20-min neighborhood and brain health and resilience in older adults: The Healthy Brain Initiative.Health & place · 2025Article
- Investigating biological sex as a moderator of the association of nature exposure with brain health: a cross-sectional UK biobank analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Life-course neighbourhood deprivation and brain structure in older adults: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour-a review of current status and future perspectives.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Why Your Brain Needs a Walk in the Park: Residential Greenspaces as the Next Frontier in Brain Research and Treatment.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Article
- Midlife Residential Greenness and Late-Life Cognitive Decline among Nurses' Health Study Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Social Determinants of Health, Risk and Resilience against Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Healthy Brain Initiative.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Neurosustainability.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour - a review of current status and future perspectives.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGreater neighborhood greenspace has been associated with brain health, including better cognition and lower odds of Alzheimer's disease in older adults. We investigated associations between neighborhood greenspace and brain-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and potential effect modification by sex or apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE), a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
methodsWe obtained a sample of non-demented participants 65 years or older (n = 1125) from the longitudinal, population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Greenspace data were derived from the National Land Cover Dataset. Adjusted multivariable linear regression estimated associations between neighborhood greenspace five years prior to the MRI and left and right hippocampal volume and 10-point grades of ventricular size and burden of white matter hyperintensity. Interaction terms tested effect modification by APOE genotype and sex. CHS data (1989-1999) were obtained/analyzed in 2020.
resultsParticipants were on average 79 years old [standard deviation (SD) = 4], 58% were female, and 11% were non-white race. Mean neighborhood greenspace was 38% (SD = 28%). Greater proportion of greenspace in the neighborhood five years before MRI was borderline associated with lower ventricle grade (estimate: - 0.30; 95% confidence interval: - 0.61, 0.00). We observed no associations between greenspace and the other MRI outcome measures and no evidence of effect modification by APOE genotype and sex.
conclusionThis study suggests a possible association between greater greenspace and less ventricular enlargement, a measure reflecting global brain atrophy. If confirmed in other longitudinal cohort studies, interventions and policies to improve community greenspaces may help to maintain brain health in older age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.