ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine for Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Immunocompromised Adults.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prophylactic Efficacy of CD388, a Novel Drug-Fc Conjugate, in a Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Challenge Model: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 2a Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Development of the Physical Distancing Scale for COVID-19 Avoidance (PDS-C19©) in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised individuals and its validation in the EAGLE Study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Influenza Vaccines for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- High-dose influenza vaccine augments serological and cellular immunity of older people with HIV.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States-2017-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Changing Prevalence of Immunocompromising Conditions in Patients Hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Europe: Insights from the COVIDRIVE Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015-2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the 2023 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine Against Outpatient Influenza-Like Illness: A Multi-Country Test-Negative Design Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recommendations for Influenza Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Review
- A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study to Evaluate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Influenza Among Immunocompromised Adults With a Solid Organ Transplant.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza infections in outpatient immunocompromised adults, 2017-2018.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccine performance and the potential benefits of mRNA vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A-Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Influenza Vaccine Administration and Effectiveness Among Children and Adults With Glomerular Disease.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Influenza A virus resistance to 4'-fluorouridine coincides with viral attenuation in vitro and in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness of JYNNEOS against Mpox Disease in the United States.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Immunocompromised Host Pneumonia: Definitions and Diagnostic Criteria: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Message in a bottle: mRNA vaccination for influenza.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Reduced protection of RIPK3-deficient mice against influenza by matrix protein 2 ectodomain targeted active and passive vaccination strategies.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYearly influenza immunization is recommended for immunocompromised (IC) individuals, although immune responses are lower than that for the nonimmunocompromised and the data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the IC is scarce. We evaluated VE against influenza-associated hospitalization among IC adults.
methodsWe analyzed data from adults ≥ 18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the 2017-2018 influenza season at 10 hospitals in the United States. IC adults were identified using prespecified case definitions using electronic medical record data. VE was evaluated with a test-negative case-control design using multivariable logistic regression with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza as the outcome and vaccination status as the exposure, adjusting for age, enrolling site, illness onset date, race, days from onset to specimen collection, self-reported health, and self-reported hospitalizations.
resultsOf 3524 adults hospitalized with ARI, 1210 (34.3%) had an immunocompromising condition. IC adults were more likely to be vaccinated than non-IC (69.5% vs 65.2%) and less likely to have influenza (22% vs 27.8%). The mean age did not differ among IC and non-IC (61.4 vs 60.8 years of age). The overall VE against influenza hospitalization, including immunocompetent adults, was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21-44). VE among IC vs non-IC adults was lower at 5% (95% CI, -29% to 31%) vs 41% (95% CI, 27-52) (P < .05 for interaction term).
conclusionsVE in 1 influenza season was very low among IC individuals. Future efforts should include evaluation of VE among the different immunocompromising conditions and whether enhanced vaccines improve the suboptimal effectiveness among the immunocompromised.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.