ArticleBMC oral health2021
Effectiveness of oral health education on 8- to 10-year-old school children in rural areas of the Magway Region, Myanmar.
Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06523712 (A Scalable, Equity-focused, Teacher-delivered, School-based Oral Health Intervention for Pakistani Lower Secondary Schoolchildren), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Scalable, Equity-focused, Teacher-delivered, School-based Oral Health Intervention for Pakistani Lower Secondary Schoolchildren: a Pragmatic Cluster-randomized Effectiveness-implementation Trial (Smile Smarts-PK)
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-analysis of Oral Health Interventions in Children: Impacts on Knowledge, Behaviour, and Clinical Outcomes.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a School-Based Oral Health Promotion Program on Dental Caries Among Iraqi School Children: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.International dental journal · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of edutainment use in video-based learning on oral health education for school-age children: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Oral Health Conditions and Quality of Life Among Schoolchildren in Rural Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Individually Trained Oral Prophylaxis (iTOP) Education on Long-Term Oral Health in Medical and Dental Students: A Two-Year Prospective Cohort Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of oral health promotion in children and adolescents through behaviour change interventions: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intervention to Improve Children's Hygiene in Urban Squatter Settlement Schools in Pakistan: An Implementation Research.Environmental health insights · 2025Article
- Self-reported oral health-related quality of life and caries experiences of 5-year-old children in Mandalay, Myanmar.BMC oral health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOral diseases are common and widespread around the world. The most common oral diseases are preventable, and early onset is reversible. Myanmar faces many challenges in rendering oral health services, because approximately 70% of the total population resides in rural areas. These relate to the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Therefore, oral health education is one key element to prevent oral diseases and to promote oral health.
methodsA quasi-experimental study was carried out at Basic Education Middle Schools in rural areas of Magway Township to study the effectiveness of oral health education on the knowledge and behavior of 8- to 10-year-old school children. A total of 220 school children, 110 from intervention schools and 110 from control schools, participated in this study from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected before and after intervention in the two groups by using a self-administered questionnaire. Tooth brushing method data were collected by direct observation with a checklist. Oral health education was provided at eight weekly intervals for 1 year. At one and a half years, third-time data collection was done on the intervention group to assess retention. Chi-square test, two samples t-test and one-way repeated measure ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Public Health in Yangon, Myanmar.
resultsThere were significant differences between the two groups in four out of five knowledge questions (p < 0.05) and all behavior questions (p < 0.001) after intervention. A positive effect of oral health education for a period of 45 min at eight weekly intervals for 1 year was found in the intervention group. The intervention had a significant effect on the sustainability of the correct knowledge and behavior of the intervention group although the education session was stopped for 6 months (p < 0.001). Their mean knowledge and behavioral scores at three different points in time were (2.45 ± 1.12 and1.56 ± 0.90) at baseline, (3.79 ± 1.12 and 3.60 ± 1.21) at 1 year after education and (4.07 ± 0.98 and 3.24 ± 1.31) at 6 months after cessation of education, respectively.
conclusionsRepeated oral health education was effective in promoting and sustaining oral health knowledge and behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.