ArticleEnvironment international2021
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association between Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Neurobehavioral Problems in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Pediatric effects of forever chemicals may last for a long time.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of autism spectrum disorder in the California Central Valley, 2004-2010.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of gestational perfluorohexanesulfonic acid exposure at human realistic dose on social communication deficit in mouse offspring.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Maternal Thyroid Function during Pregnancy in a Cohort with High Familial Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Gestational PFAS concentrations in association with maternal depression and perceived stress during pregnancy and postpartum in the ECHO cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment trajectory: towards early warning via cohort- and metabolomics-based risk ranking.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Maternal serum and placental metabolomes in association with prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their relevance to child neurodevelopment in an ASD-enriched cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Individual and mixture associations of placental per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance with neurodevelopment at 12 and 24 months of age.Environmental advances · 2025Article
- Managing PFAS in Sewage Sludge: Exposure Pathways, Impacts, and Treatment Innovations.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association between gestational environmental chemical mixtures and folate exposures with autistic behaviors in a Canadian birth cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Consequences of In Utero PFAS Exposure: Implications for Development and Long-Term Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Health Impacts of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of Early-life PFAS Exposure on Child Neurodevelopment: A Review of the Evidence and Research gaps.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Persistent pollutants and the developing brain: the role of PFAS in neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Adverse outcome pathway for the neurotoxicity of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has shown potential to adversely affect child brain development, but epidemiologic evidence remains inconsistent. We examined whether prenatal exposure to PFAS was associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
methodsParticipants were 173 mother-child pairs from MARBLES (Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs), a high-risk ASD cohort. At 3 years old, children were clinically confirmed for ASD and classified into ASD (n = 57) and typical development (TD, n = 116). We quantified nine PFAS in maternal serum collected during pregnancy. We examined associations of ASD with individual PFAS as well as the combined effect of PFAS on ASD using scores of the first principal component (PC-1) accounting for the largest variance.
resultsPrenatal perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) showed positive associations (per 2 nanogram per milliliter increase: relative risk (RR) = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.61 [PFOA]; RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.69 [PFNA]), while perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) showed a negative association (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.01) with ASD risk. When examining associations of ASD with untransformed PFAS concentrations, PFOA, PFNA, and PC-1 were associated with increased ASD risk (per nanogram per milliliter increase: RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.65; RR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.85; RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.25, respectively), while the RR of PFHxS moved toward the null.
conclusionsFrom this high-risk ASD cohort, we observed increased risk of ASD in children exposed to PFOA and PFNA. Further studies should be conducted in the general population because this population may have a larger fraction of cases resulting from genetic sources.
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