GuidelineClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2021
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for CYP2D6, OPRM1, and COMT Genotypes and Select Opioid Therapy.
Guideline in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 236 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
236 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacogenetic Evidence in Opioid-Related Toxicity and Death with an Appraisal of Emerging Multi-Omics Studies: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Vietnamese pharmacogenomic variation in global context: a systematic review and meta-analysis for clinical implementation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomic-guided opioid therapy for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetic Testing and Application: 2024 Updated Guidelines by the Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Guideline
- Pharmacogenetics of opioid medications for relief of labor pain and post-cesarean pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The associations of candidate gene polymorphisms with aspirin resistance in patients with ischemic disease: a meta-analysis.Human genomics · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for CYP2B6 Genotype and Methadone Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Guideline
- Association of Genetic Variants with Postsurgical Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.Anesthesiology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinically important alterations in pharmacogene expression in histologically severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Association between rs1799971 in the mu opioid receptor gene and methadone maintenance treatment response.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2D6 and opioids (codeine, tramadol and oxycodone).European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2022Guideline
- Effects of Celecoxib and Etoricoxib on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Effects of Orally Administered Tramadol: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Trial
- Hydrocodone vs Oxycodone and Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use in Joint Arthroplasty.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- CYP2D6-Guided Opioid Management and Postoperative Pain Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- A Randomized Hybrid-Effectiveness Trial Comparing Pharmacogenomics (PGx) to Standard Care: The PGx Applied to Chronic Pain Treatment in Primary Care (PGx-ACT) Trial.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetic Quantification of CYP2D6 Activity in Codeine Metabolism in Ambulatory Surgical Patients for Model-Informed Precision Dosing.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Trial
- Implementation of a pharmacogenetic panel-based test for pharmacotherapy-based supportive care in an adult oncology clinic.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy for adults with cancer pain: A randomized implementation clinical trial.Pharmacotherapy · 2023Trial
- Pharmacogenetic Guided Opioid Therapy Improves Chronic Pain Outcomes and Comorbid Mental Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Morphine Versus Oxycodone for Cancer Pain Using a Catechol-O-methyltransferase Genotype Biomarker: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Clinical Trial (RELIEF Study).The oncologist · 2023Trial
176 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 16 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Opioids are mainly used to treat both acute and chronic pain. Several opioids are metabolized to some extent by CYP2D6 (codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone). Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 have been studied for an association with the clinical effect and safety of these drugs. Other genes that have been studied for their association with opioid clinical effect or adverse events include OPRM1 (mu receptor) and COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase). This guideline updates and expands the 2014 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 genotype and codeine therapy and includes a summation of the evidence describing the impact of CYP2D6, OPRM1, and COMT on opioid analgesia and adverse events. We provide therapeutic recommendations for the use of CYP2D6 genotype results for prescribing codeine and tramadol and describe the limited and/or weak data for CYP2D6 and hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone, and for OPRM1 and COMT for clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.