ArticlePharmacological reports : PR2021
Sleep improvement is associated with the antidepressant efficacy of repeated-dose ketamine and serum BDNF levels: a post-hoc analysis.
Article in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion on Sleep Quality in Older Patients Undergoing Knee or Hip Replacement Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Sleep Quality in Patients With Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of ketamine and classic hallucinogens on neurotrophic and inflammatory markers in unipolar treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review of clinical trials.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Intraoperative Intravenous Infusion of Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance in Patients Undergoing Radical Mastectomy.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Esketamine Optimized the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in Treating Sleep Disorders with Comorbid Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Trial
- Functional changes in sleep-related arousal after ketamine administration in individuals with treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Effect of Intraoperative Esketamine Infusion on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance After Gynecological Laparoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- The Relationship of Early Sleep Improvement With Response to Pharmacotherapy in Unipolar Psychotic Depression.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Neurotrophin System as a Complex Set of Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatric Disorders and Therapy-Overview of Recent Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Association between Intranasal Esketamine and Treatment-emergent Insomnia in the Treatment of Treatment-resistant Major Depression: A Meta-analysis.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Variations in BDNF and Their Role in the Neurotrophic Antidepressant Mechanisms of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Patient-reported outcomes on sleep quality and circadian rhythm during treatment with intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- The relationship between sleep- and circadian rhythm-related parameters with dietary practices and food intake of sedentary adults: a cross-sectional study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2024Article
- A wake-up call: Sleep physiology and related translational discrepancies in studies of rapid-acting antidepressants.Progress in neurobiology · 2021Article
- Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Protracted Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms in Male Alcohol-Dependent Patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleRecently, the effects of ketamine on the circadian rhythm have suggested that ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects are associated with and without sleep disturbance improvement.
objectivesHere, we evaluated the antidepressant efficacy of repeated ketamine infusions in patients with sleep disturbances.
methodsThis study included 127 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder who received ketamine treatments during a 12-day period. Sleep quality was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale sleep disturbance factor (SDF) (items 4, 5 and 6). Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was measured at baseline, day 13 and day 26. This study was a post-hoc analysis.
resultsSignificant differences were found in the HAMD-17 score at 13 post-infusion time points compared to baseline, as well as the scores in SDF score at each of the 7 post-infusion (4 h after each infusion excluded) time points among all patients. Logistic regression and linear correlation analyses revealed that a greater reduction in the SDF after 24 h of the first ketamine infusion resulted in a better antidepressant effect in the last two follow-up visits. Moreover, BDNF levels were significantly higher in sleep responders than in non-responders.
conclusionsIn the 127 patients, six ketamine infusions induced better therapeutic effects in sleep responders than in sleep non-responders and patients without sleep disturbances. The sleep response after repeated ketamine infusions was positively associated with high serum BDNF levels. Early sleep disturbance improvement (as early as 24 h after the first ketamine injection) may predict the antidepressant effect of repeated-dose ketamine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.