ReviewJournal of bioethical inquiry2021
The Costs of Institutional Racism and its Ethical Implications for Healthcare.
Review in Journal of bioethical inquiry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Implementing healthcare decolonisation for Indigenous people: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Implementing and Delivering Culturally Centred Pharmacy Services Tailored to Ethnically Minoritised Populations: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Pooled it
- Strategies to Improve Care in the Emergency Department for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Adults: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Access to Prenatal Care in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Among Black Women Compared to Other Races/Ethnicities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Assistance dogs for military veterans with PTSD: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-synthesis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- A phase II trial of bevacizumab and rucaparib in recurrent carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium.Gynecologic oncology · 2022Trial
- Institutional Factors Associated with Equitable Cancer Care Provision for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Queensland, Australia: A Critical Race Theory Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Discriminatory Practices in the German Mental Healthcare System: An Intersectional Grounded Theory Study.Qualitative health research · 2026Article
- Policy and practice recommendations for residential addiction treatment: a qualitative investigation on increasing equity in treatment for Black patients.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Does One Size Fit All with the Black Church?: Differences by Gender in Perceptions of Faith-Based Mental Health Services in the United States.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- White by default: conceptual and methodological limits of binary white logic in global health equity research.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- The usual and preferred sources of healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a multilevel analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Are there inequities in the assessment or management of pain for people with severe mental illness living with life-threatening diseases? A mixed-methods systematic review.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Review
- Supporting Students in Relation to Racism: Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Educator Perspectives.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapie · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Technology in the Care of Historically Marginalized Populations With Asthma: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Article
- Narrowing the health equity gap. How can implementation science proactively facilitate the cultural adaptation of public health innovations?Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Review
- Article
- Physician Workforce Diversity Is Still Necessary and Achievable if It Is Intentionally Prioritized.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- The role of social justice in triage revisited: a threshold conception.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2025Review
- "If I Stay Quiet, the Only Person That Gets Hurt Is Me": Anti-Asian Racism and the Mental Health of Chinese-Canadian Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2025Article
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2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical implications of racism and some of the various costs associated with racism occurring at the institutional level. We argue that, in many ways, the laws, social structures, and institutions in Western society have operated to perpetuate the continuation of historical legacies of racial inequities with or without the intention of individuals and groups in society. By merely maintaining existing structures, laws, and social norms, society can impose social, economic, and health costs on racial minorities that impinge on their well-being and human dignity. Based on a review of multidisciplinary research on racism, particularly focusing on healthcare, we demonstrate how institutional racism leads to social and economic inequalities in society. By positing institutional racism as the inherent cause of avoidable disparities in healthcare, this paper draws attention to the ethical significance of racism, which remains a relatively neglected issue in bioethics research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.