ArticleJournal of neurology2021
Subtyping relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using structural MRI.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Charting brain morphology in international healthy and neurological populations.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Deep gray matter atrophy mediates the associations between glymphatic dysfunction and clinical disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a neuroimaging subgroup study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal subtypes of brain and spinal cord atrophy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial structural abnormality maps associated with cognitive and physical performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.European radiology · 2025Article
- Frontal-striatal tract integrity and depression in older adults with and without multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Spinal cord and brain atrophy patterns in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- From progression to progress: The future of multiple sclerosis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Article
- Differential Associations of Mobility With Fronto-Striatal Integrity and Lesion Load in Older Adults With and Without Multiple Sclerosis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2023Article
- Corneal axonal loss as an imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Are Neurophysiological Biomarkers Able to Discriminate Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Subtypes?Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving ControlledLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeSubtyping relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients may help predict disease progression and triage patients for treatment. We aimed to subtype RRMS patients by structural MRI and investigate their clinical significances.
methods155 relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) and 210 healthy controls (HC) were retrospectively enrolled with structural 3DT1, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional MRI. Z scores of cortical and deep gray matter volumes (CGMV and DGMV) and white matter fractional anisotropy (WM-FA) in RRMS patients were calculated based on means and standard deviations of HC. We defined RRMS as "normal" (- 2 < z scores of both GMV and WM-FA), DGM (z scores of DGMV < - 2), and DGM-plus types (z scores of DGMV and [CGMV or WM-FA] < - 2) according to combinations of z scores compared to HC. Expanded disability status scale (EDSS), cognitive and functional MRI measurements, and conversion rate to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) at 5-year follow-up were compared between subtypes.
results77 (49.7%) patients were "normal" type, 37 (23.9%) patients were DGM type and 34 (21.9%) patients were DGM-plus type. 7 (4.5%) patients who were not categorized into the above types were excluded. DGM-plus type had the highest EDSS. Both DGM and DGM-plus types had more severe cognitive impairment than "normal" type. Only DGM-plus type showed decreased functional MRI measures compared to HC. A higher conversion ratio to SPMS in DGM-plus type (55%) was identified compared to "normal" type (14%, p < 0.001) and DGM type (20%, p = 0.005).
conclusionThree MRI-subtypes of RRMS were identified with distinct clinical and imaging features and different prognosis.
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