ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2021
Alopecia areata: a review on diagnosis, immunological etiopathogenesis and treatment options.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiology, conventional treatments, and evidence-based herbal remedies of hair loss with a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata in Taiwan: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Topical sodium valproate-loaded nanospanlastics versus conventional topical steroid therapy in alopecia areata: a randomized controlled study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Trial
- Microneedling with topical platelet-rich plasma versus triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of alopecia areata in children: a comparative study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT.The American Journal of dermatopathology · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Baricitinib on Nail Alopecia Areata: A 48-Week Single-Center Retrospective Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Cutaneous Manifestations and Dermatologic Adverse Events in IBD: A Clinical Update.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Review
- The Economic Burden of Alopecia Areata: Evidence from a Survey in Norway and Sweden.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Treatment Outcomes of Triamcinolone Acetonide Compared with Cryotherapy in Alopecia Areata: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026Article
- Life Events Preceding Alopecia Areata Onset-a Descriptive Retrospective Cohort Study Focusing on Strain.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Immune Microenvironment of Hair Follicles in Tumor Immunotherapy.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in alopecia areata patients: pilot results.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Article
- A Global Study of Skin and Subcutaneous Diseases Among Individuals Under 20 Years of Age.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Refractory Alopecia Areata of the Beard: Novel Improvement Through Exosome Therapy With Signs of Hair Repigmentation.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Ophthalmologic Comorbidities in Alopecia Areata.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Is Spontaneous Regrowth in Alopecia Areata Possible: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Placebo-controlled Studies.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Observational
- Comparison of Current International Guidelines for the Management of Alopecia Areata-Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Management and Genetics of Alopecia Areata within the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study of All of Us.Skin appendage disorders · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients suffering from alopecia areata (AA) can lose hair in focal regions, the complete scalp, including eyelashes and eyebrows, or even the entire body. The exact pathology is not yet known, but the most described theory is a collapse of the immune privilege system, which can be found in some specific regions of the body. Different treatment options, local and systemic, are available, but none of them have been proven to be effective in the long term as well for every treatment there should be considered for the possible side effects. In many cases, treated or non-treated, relapse often occurs. The prognosis is uncertain and is negatively influenced by the subtypes alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis and characteristics such as associated nail lesions, hair loss for more than 10 years and a positive familial history. The unpredictable course of the disease also makes it a mental struggle and AA patients are more often associated with depression and anxiety compared to the healthy population. Research into immunology and genetics, more particularly in the field of dendritic cells (DC), is recommended for AA as there is evidence of the possible role of DC in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases such as multiple Sclerosis and cancer. Promising therapies for the future treatment of AA are JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.