Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33385779›Full record

ArticleSleep medicine2021

Psychological correlates of poor sleep quality among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sunah Hyun, Hyeouk Chris Hahm, Ga Tin Fifi Wong, Emily Zhang, Cindy H Liu

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Observational
  8. COVID-19 infection and sleep health: findings from the nationally representative COVID-19's Unequal Racial Burden survey.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Article
  9. A deep learning-enabled smart garment for accurate and versatile monitoring of sleep conditions in daily life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sunah HyunDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Hyeouk Chris HahmSchool of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Ga Tin Fifi WongDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Emily ZhangDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Cindy H LiuDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Electronic address: chliu@bwh.harvard.edu.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USBoston University · US

Funding

Stuart T. Hauser Research Training Program in Biological and Social Psychiatry.T32MH016259 · NIMH · JUDGE BAKER CHILDREN'S CENTER · PI Marek Kubicki, Martha E. Shenton · 1985 to 2026
$8.4M
Maternal Psychosis and Stress as Risks for Offspring Behavioral ImpairmentK23MH107714 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LIU, CINDY H · 2016 to 2020
$765k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH107714NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH016259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveUncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic may result in problematic sleep that can lead to negative effects on overall health. This unprecedented and stressful time can be even more detrimental for young adults with pre-existing mental health conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential risk factors (i.e., current mental health symptoms, and COVID-19-related grief and worry) on sleep quality of U.S. young adults during the initial months of the global pandemic.

methodThis cross-sectional study examined 908 young adults in the weeks following the declaration of the coronavirus pandemic as a national emergency by the United States. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as COVID-19-related grief and worry as predictors of young adults' sleep quality.

resultsYoung adults experienced high rates of sleep problems during the first two months (April to May 2020) of the pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms appear to be predictors of sleep quality regardless of any pre-existing diagnosis. Furthermore, high levels of PTSD symptoms and COVID-19-related worry were associated with young adults' poor sleep.

conclusionsOur findings point to possible psychological factors that uniquely explain young adults' poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. This study shed new light on how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect the sleep behaviors of young adults without a pre-existing mental health diagnosis. Implications for supporting young adults sleep and well-being during the pandemic are addressed.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansLonelinessMaleMental HealthSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung AdultAnxietyCOVID-19DepressionMental healthPTSDSleep

Identifiers

PMID33385779
PMCPMC7887075
OpenAlexW3112008988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.