ArticleBiomaterials2021
Hydrogel mechanics are a key driver of bone formation by mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids.
Article in Biomaterials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biochemical and Physicomechanical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Edible Sulfonated Soy Protein Microcarriers for Cultivated Meat Cell Expansion.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2026Article
- Microenvironment engineering with injectable hydrogel-based biofunctional scaffolds for augmenting bone defect regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Leveraging Viscosity to Unlock the Osteogenic Potential of BMP-2 Mimetic DWIVA.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Regulation of Granular Hydrogels Through Guest-Host Interactions to Spatiotemporally Guide Cellular Migration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineered 3D mesenchymal stem cell aggregates with multifunctional prowess for bone regeneration: Current status and future prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Modern Approaches and Emerging Biological Therapies to Treat Fracture Nonunion.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- DNA-Based Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction: Harnessing Dynamic Programmability and Multimodal Therapeutic Integration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Tissue-Engineered Three-Dimensional Platforms for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Development.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025Review
- Effects of hydrogel stiffness and viscoelasticity on organoid culture: a comprehensive review.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Viscoelastic hydrogel combined with dynamic compression promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone repair in rats.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Article
- Current status of nano-embedded growth factors and stem cells delivery to bone for targeted repair and regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Alginate-encapsulated muscle-derived stem cell spheroids promote muscle regeneration in a murine model of volumetric muscle loss.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- ECM-mimicking composite hydrogel for accelerated vascularized bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Creating a bionic scaffold via light-curing liquid crystal ink to reveal the role of osteoid-like microenvironment in osteogenesis.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective.World journal of stem cells · 2024Article
- Injectable MSC Spheroid and Microgel Granular Composites for Engineering Tissue.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Mechanoregulation of MSC spheroid immunomodulation.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can promote tissue repair in regenerative medicine, and their therapeutic potential is further enhanced via spheroid formation. Stress relaxation of hydrogels has emerged as a potent stimulus to enhance MSC spreading and osteogenic differentiation, but the effect of hydrogel viscoelasticity on MSC spheroids has not been reported. Herein, we describe a materials-based approach to augment the osteogenic potential of entrapped MSC spheroids by leveraging the mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels. Compared to spheroids entrapped in covalently crosslinked elastic alginate, calcium deposition of MSC spheroids was consistently increased in ionically crosslinked, viscoelastic hydrogels. We previously demonstrated that intraspheroidal presentation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) on hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles resulted in more spatially uniform MSC osteodifferentiation, providing a method to internally influence spheroid phenotype. In these studies, we observed significant increases in calcium deposition by MSC spheroids loaded with BMP-2-HA in viscoelastic gels compared to soluble BMP-2, which was greater than spheroids entrapped in all elastic alginate gels. Upon implantation in critically sized calvarial bone defects, bone formation was greater in all animals treated with viscoelastic hydrogels. Increases in bone formation were evident in viscoelastic gels, regardless of the mode of presentation of BMP-2 (i.e., soluble delivery or HA nanoparticles). These studies demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic alginate are an effective strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC spheroids for bone formation and repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.