ArticleGastrointestinal endoscopy2021
Development and validation of a patient-reported scale for tolerability of endoscopic procedures using conscious sedation.
Article in Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Tolerability of Sedation With Remimazolam Versus Midazolam in Outpatients Undergoing Upper GI or Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Ultrasound in a Non-Anesthesiologist Setting: A Prospective Observational Study (REM-EUS Study)
The Effect of Pre-procedural Anxiety Level on Procedure Tolerability and Quality of ERCP in Consciously Sedated Patients
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Non-pharmacological Interventions for Reducing Anxiety in Endoscopy and Colonoscopy Procedures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Conscious analgesia with oxycodone improves the efficacy and safety in patients at high risk of aspiration during gastroscopy: a randomized double-blind trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the effect of an artificial intelligence system on the anesthesia quality control during gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Comparison of the innovative endoscopic oropharyngeal airway and the conventional mouthpiece in elderly outpatients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy under sedation: a prospective and randomized study.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Trial
- Establishing a benchmark for patient comfort during colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy using the St. Paul's Endoscopic Comfort Scale (SPECS).Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Patient-reported tolerability of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using conscious sedation in patients with underlying depression and anxiety.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Observational
- Article
- Adverse events, success, and tolerability of biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with conscious sedation vs anaesthesia: a multi-centre prospective study.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Comparison of bispectral index-guided endoscopic ultrasonography with continuous vs. intermittent infusion of propofol: a retrospective study in Japan.Clinical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Novel upper gastrointestinal bleeding sensor capsule: a first human feasibility and safety trial.Clinical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Incidental Biochemical and Radiologic Pancreatic Alterations Following Uncomplicated ERCP.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Usefulness of discharge standards in outpatients undergoing sedative endoscopy: a propensity score-matched study of the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system and the modified Aldrete score.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Comparing Colon Capsule Endoscopy to colonoscopy; a symptomatic patient's perspective.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- A scale to measure the worry level in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with sedation: Development, reliability, and validity.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPatient-reported experience measures (PREMs) assessing the tolerability of endoscopic procedures are scarce. In this study, we designed and validated a PREM to assess tolerability of endoscopy using conscious sedation.
methodsThe patient-reported scale for tolerability of endoscopic procedures (PRO-STEP) consists of questions within 2 domains and is administered to outpatients at discharge from the endoscopy unit. Domain 1 (intraprocedural) consists of 2 questions regarding discomfort/pain and awareness, whereas domain 2 (postprocedural) consists of 4 questions on pain, nausea, distention, and either throat or anal pain. All questions are scored on a Likert scale from 0 to 10. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency of the questions. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of higher scores, reported using adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals.
resultsTwo hundred fifty-five patients (91 colonoscopy, 73 gastroscopy, and 91 ERCP) were included. Colonoscopy was the least tolerable procedure by recall, with mean intraprocedural awareness and discomfort scores of 5.1 ± 3.8, and 2.6 ± 2.7, respectively. Consistency between intraprocedural awareness and discomfort/pain yielded an acceptable Cronbach's alpha of .71 (95% confidence interval, .62-.78). Higher use of midazolam during colonoscopy was inversely associated with an intraprocedural awareness score of 7 or higher (per additional mg: adjusted odds ratio, .23; 95% confidence interval, .09-.54).
conclusionsPRO-STEP is a simple PREM that can be administered after multiple endoscopic procedures using conscious sedation. Future work should focus on its performance characteristics in adverse event prediction.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.