Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33385254›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica2021

In vitro amplification of pathogenic tau conserves disease-specific bioactive characteristics.

Hong Xu, Mia O'Reilly, Garrett S Gibbons, Lakshmi Changolkar, Jennifer D McBride, Dawn M Riddle, Bin Zhang, Anna Stieber, Jeffrey Nirschl, Soo-Jung Kim and 5 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. ACSS2 upregulation enhances neuronal resilience to aging and tau-associated neurodegeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. APOE isoform-associated tau oligomer polymorphs differ in synaptotoxicity and seeding activity.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Targeting Endogenous Tau in Seeded Tauopathy Models Inhibits Tau Spread.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Neurodegenerative Disease Tauopathies.Annual review of pathology · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Hong XuDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hongxu@upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-4758
Mia O'ReillyDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Garrett S GibbonsDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Lakshmi ChangolkarDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Jennifer D McBrideDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Dawn M RiddleDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Bin ZhangDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Anna StieberDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Jeffrey NirschlDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Soo-Jung KimDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Kevt-Her HoxhaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Kurt R BrundenDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Gerard D SchellenbergDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
John Q TrojanowskiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Virginia M-Y LeeDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. vmylee@upenn.edu.
University of Pennsylvania · USInstitute for Neurodegenerative Disorders · USInstitute on Aging · US

Funding

Transgenic Mouse Models of Tau PathologiesP01AG017586 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LEE, VIRGINIA M · 2000 to 2021
$37.3M
UPenn ADCC Biomarker CoreP30AG010124 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI XIE, SHARON XIANGWEN · 1991 to 2020
$35.1M
Project IV "Tackling Heterogeneity of Cognitive Trajectory in LBD"U19AG062418 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WEINTRAUB, DANIEL · 2019 to 2023
$18.1M
AGING AND RESPONSES OF AUDITORY NEURONSR01AG006241 · NIA · NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY · PI WILLOTT, JAMES F · 1986 to 1988
–
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG017586NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010124NIA NIH HHS PO1 AG017586NIA NIH HHS U19 AG06241NIA NIH HHS U19 AG062418
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) forms hyperphosphorylated aggregates in the brains of tauopathy patients that can be pathologically and biochemically defined as distinct tau strains. Recent studies show that these tau strains exhibit strain-specific biological activities, also referred to as pathogenicities, in the tau spreading models. Currently, the specific pathogenicity of human-derived tau strains cannot be fully recapitulated by synthetic tau preformed fibrils (pffs), which are generated from recombinant tau protein. Reproducing disease-relevant tau pathology in cell and animal models necessitates the use of human brain-derived tau seeds. However, the availability of human-derived tau is extremely limited. Generation of tau variants that can mimic the pathogenicity of human-derived tau seeds would significantly extend the scale of experimental design within the field of tauopathy research. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vitro seeding reactions can amplify the beta-sheet structure of tau protein from a minute quantity of human-derived tau. However, whether the strain-specific pathogenicities of the original, human-derived tau seeds are conserved in the amplified tau strains has yet to be experimentally validated. Here, we used biochemically enriched brain-derived tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patient brains with a modified seeding protocol to template the recruitment of recombinant 2N4R (T40) tau in vitro. We quantitatively interrogated efficacy of the amplification reactions and the pathogenic fidelity of the amplified material to the original tau seeds using recently developed sporadic tau spreading models. Our data suggest that different tau strains can be faithfully amplified in vitro from tau isolated from different tauopathy brains and that the amplified tau variants retain their strain-dependent pathogenic characteristics.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAnimalsBrainCells, CulturedConserved SequenceGene AmplificationImmunohistochemistryMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeurodegenerative DiseasesNeurofibrillary TanglesPrimary Cell CultureSupranuclear Palsy, ProgressiveTauopathiestau ProteinsMapt protein, mousetau Proteinsin vitro seedingtauopathytau spreadingtau strains

Identifiers

PMID33385254
PMCPMC7847465
OpenAlexW3115245153

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.