ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2021
Quantitative evaluation and progress of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of the Frequency and Variety of Persistent Symptoms Among Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Recovery Patterns of COVID-19 Related Smell Disorders: An Analysis of the Available Evidence.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Clinical Features and Olfactory Functions in COVID-19: A Multicentre Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Evolution of neurologic symptoms in non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers".Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Assessment and Scientific Progresses in the Analysis of Olfactory Evoked Potentials.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and quality of life in hospitalised patients 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of the neurological symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome.Neurology perspectives · 2021Review
- Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related smell dysfunction: an international view.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2021Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSince many different rates have been reported in the literature and the studies conducted are mostly based on the patient anamnesis, it was aimed to analyze the olfactory dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) quantitatively and to reveal its progress by time.
methodsPatients who described new-onset olfactory dysfunction, who were treated in the COVID-19 departments of our hospital and whose PCR tests demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 presence were included in the study and they were investigated prospectively. Clinical information of all the patients was taken and the levels of olfactory function were detected using the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Scores equal to or below 8 are considered as olfactory dysfunction. Patients who were followed up for 3 months were reevaluated with the BSIT test at the end of the third month and the progression of the symptom was investigated.
resultsThe mean BSIT test score of the 42 patients (23 female patients, 19 male patients, mean age: 41.2 ± 14.6) was 5.2 ± 2.2. There was severe olfactory dysfunction in 16.7% of the patients (0-2 points), moderate olfactory dysfunction in 31% (3-5 points), and mild olfactory dysfunction in 52.4% (6-8 points). After a follow-up for 3 months, full recovery was observed in 36 patients (85.7%) and the mean test score rose to 9.9 ± 1.8. Although olfactory dysfunction persisted in 6 patients, an elevation in test scores was noted. Olfactory dysfunction was the first symptom in 17 patients (40%) and the other symptoms occurred after 2 days (1-6) on average.
conclusionWe investigated olfactory dysfunction caused by COVID-19 using BSIT, and found a high rate of moderate-mild level symptoms with a high level of recovery in the 3-month follow-up. The finding revealing that olfactory dysfunction was the first symptom in 40% of the patients suggests the importance of inquiry on olfactory functions for the early diagnosis of the disease.
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