ArticlePloS one2020
Severity of COVID-19 at elevated exposure to perfluorinated alkylates.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of the Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure on Interleukin-17 Signalling and Poly(I:C)-Induced Lung Inflammation in BALB/c Mice.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- A Review on Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Selected Short-Chain Analogs-Perfluorohexanoic Acid and Perfluorobutanoic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Analysis and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the global aquatic environment: perspectives and combined risks with microplastics.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- PFAS exposure induces hearing loss by targeting cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- PFOA induced metabolic and immune perturbations in a SARS-2 infection model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): History, Current Concerns, and Future Outlook.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Enhance Cholesterol Accumulation and Dysregulate Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Visceral, Neural, and Immunotoxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Mini Review.Toxics · 2025Review
- Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Environmental Health Workforce in Hawai'i: Current Status and Recommendations for Improvement.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2025Article
- High-dimensional mediation analysis to elucidate the role of metabolites in the association between PFAS exposure and reduced SARS-CoV-2 IgG in pregnancy.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- County-level associations between drinking water PFAS contamination and COVID-19 mortality in the United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- PFAS biodegradation by Labrys portucalensis F11: Evidence of chain shortening and identification of metabolites of PFOS, 6:2 FTS, and 5:3 FTCA.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Decoding PFAS immunotoxicity: a NAMs-based comparison of short vs. long chains.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with gout risk: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018 data emphasizing mixture effects.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Binary and quaternary mixtures of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) differentially affect the immune response to influenza A virus infection.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2024Article
- A case-cohort study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations and incident prostate cancer in the cancer prevention Study-II LifeLink cohort study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Environmental pollutant risk factors for worse COVID-19 related clinical outcomes in predominately hispanic and latino populations.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Emerging contaminants in food matrices: An overview of the occurrence, pathways, impacts and detection techniques of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.Toxicology reports · 2024Review
- Occurrence of COVID-19 and serumGlobal epidemiology · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be aggravated by air pollution, and some industrial chemicals, such as the perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs), are immunotoxic and may contribute to an association with disease severity.
methodsFrom Danish biobanks, we obtained plasma samples from 323 subjects aged 30-70 years with known SARS-CoV-2 infection. The PFAS concentrations measured at the background exposures included five PFASs known to be immunotoxic. Register data was obtained to classify disease status, other health information, and demographic variables. We used ordered logistic regression analyses to determine associations between PFAS concentrations and disease outcome.
resultsPlasma-PFAS concentrations were higher in males, in subjects with Western European background, and tended to increase with age, but were not associated with the presence of chronic disease. Of the study population, 108 (33%) had not been hospitalized, and of those hospitalized, 53 (16%) had been in intensive care or were deceased. Among the five PFASs considered, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) showed an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.19 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.39-3.46) for increasing severities of the disease. Among those hospitalized, the fully adjusted OR for getting into intensive care or expiring was 5.18 (1.29, 20.72) when based on plasma samples obtained at the time of diagnosis or up to one week before.
conclusionsMeasures of individual exposures to immunotoxic PFASs included short-chain PFBA known to accumulate in the lungs. Elevated plasma-PFBA concentrations were associated with an increased risk of a more severe course of COVID-19. Given the low background exposure levels in this study, the role of exposure to PFASs in COVID-19 needs to be ascertained in populations with elevated exposures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.