ArticlePloS one2020
Placental pathology and maternal factors associated with stillbirth: An institutional based case-control study in Northern Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perinatal mortality in eastern Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- The factors associated with stillbirths among sub-saharan African deliveries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Geospatial Variation and Determinants of Time to Pregnancy Loss Among Reproductive-Aged Women in East Africa: Bayesian Spatial Frailty Model.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Role of placental pathology in stillbirth: A descriptive study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Invasive mole after heterotopic pregnancy in a postmenopausal woman: A rare case report from a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania.International journal of surgery case reports · 2025Article
- Exploring multilevel determinants of stillbirth: a comprehensive analysis across sub-Saharan African countries.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The effect of maternal age on still birth in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Stillbirth rates and their determinants in a national maternity hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in 2017-2020: a cross-sectional assessment with a nested case-control study.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Timing of perinatal death; causes, circumstances, and regional variations among reviewed deaths in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2023Article
- Building Perinatal Pathology Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Placental Findings in Term Singleton Stillbirths in a Public Hospital in Emalahleni Sub-District in Mpumalanga Province: A Descriptive Study.Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the placental pathologies and maternal factors associated with stillbirth at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.
methodsA 1:2 unmatched case-control study was carried out among deliveries over an 8-month period. Stillbirths were a case group and live births were the control group. Respective placentas of the newborns from both groups were histopathologically analyzed. Maternal information was collected via chart review. Mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the numerical variables while frequency and percentage were used to summarize categorical variables. Crude and adjusted logistic regressions were done to test the association between each variable and the risk of stillbirth.
resultsA total of 2305 women delivered during the study period. Their mean age was 30 ± 5.9 years. Of all deliveries, 2207 (95.8%) were live births while 98 (4.2%) were stillbirths. Of these, 96 stillbirths (cases) and 192 live births (controls) were enrolled. The average gestational age for the enrolled cases was 33.8 ±3.2 weeks while that of the controls was 36.3±3.6 weeks, (p-value 0.244). Of all stillbirths, nearly two thirds 61(63.5%) were males while the females were 35(36.5%). Of the stillbirth, 41were fresh stillbirths while 55 were macerated. The risk of stillbirth was significantly associated with lower maternal education [aOR (95% CI): 5.22(2.01-13.58)], history of stillbirth [aOR (95%CI): 3.17(1.20-8.36)], lower number of antenatal visits [aOR (95%CI): 6.68(2.71-16.48), pre/eclampsia [aOR (95%CI): 4.06(2.03-8.13)], and ante partum haemorrhage [OR (95%CI): 2.39(1.04-5.53)]. Placental pathology associated with stillbirth included utero-placental vascular pathology and acute chorioamnionitis.
conclusionsEducating the mothers on the importance of regular antenatal clinic attendance, monitoring and managing maternal conditions during antenatal periods should be emphasized. Placentas from stillbirths should be histo-pathologically evaluated to better understand the possible aetiology of stillbirths.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.