Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33382364›Full record

ArticleGut microbes

Antihypertensive effects of exercise involve reshaping of gut microbiota and improvement of gut-brain axis in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Wen-Jie Xia, Meng-Lu Xu, Xiao-Jing Yu, Meng-Meng Du, Xu-Hui Li, Tao Yang, Lu Li, Ying Li, Kai B Kang, Qing Su and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Associations Between Gut Microbiota and Tissue Exposure ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Exercise benefits in metabolism on cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
    Review
  10. Reduced gut microbial diversity characterized by decreasedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Observational
  11. Review
  12. The probioticGut microbes · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Wen-Jie XiaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Meng-Lu XuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University , Xi'an China.
Xiao-Jing YuDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Meng-Meng DuDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Xu-Hui LiCenter for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an China.
Tao YangMicrobiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH USA.
Lu LiDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University , Xi'an China.
Ying LiDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Kai B KangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.
Qing SuDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Jia-Xi XuDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Xiao-Lian ShiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an China.
Xiao-Min WangDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Hong-Bao LiDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Yu-Ming KangDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China , Xi'an China.
Xi'an Jiaotong University · CNMinistry of Education · TWXi'an Medical University · CNUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USUniversity of Toledo · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exercise (Ex) has long been recognized to produce beneficial effects on hypertension (HTN). This coupled with evidence of gut dysbiosis and an impaired gut-brain axis led us to hypothesize that reshaping of gut microbiota and improvement in impaired gut-brain axis would, in part, be associated with beneficial influence of exercise. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomized into sedentary, trained, and detrained groups. Trained rats underwent moderate-intensity exercise for 12 weeks, whereas, detrained groups underwent 8 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Fecal microbiota, gut pathology, intestinal inflammation, and permeability, brain microglia and neuroinflammation were analyzed. We observed that exercise training resulted in a persistent decrease in systolic blood pressure in the SHR. This was associated with increase in microbial α diversity, altered β diversity, and enrichment of beneficial bacterial genera. Furthermore, decrease in the number of activated microglia, neuroinflammation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, improved gut pathology, inflammation, and permeability were also observed in the SHR following exercise. Interestingly, short-term detraining did not abolish these exercise-mediated improvements. Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation from exercised SHR into sedentary SHR resulted in attenuated SBP and an improved gut-brain axis. These observations support our concept that an impaired gut-brain axis is linked to HTN and exercise ameliorates this impairment to induce antihypertensive effects.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood PressureBrain-Gut AxisCardiomegalyFecal Microbiota TransplantationGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGastrointestinal TractHypertensionInflammationMaleMicrogliaParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusPermeabilityPhysical Conditioning, AnimalRatsRats, Inbred SHRExercisegut-brain axishypertensionmicrobiotamicroglia

Identifiers

PMID33382364
PMCPMC7781639
OpenAlexW3114401665

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.