ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2021
Weight loss, malnutrition, and cachexia in COVID-19: facts and numbers.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2021Pooled it
- Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Stage III and Comorbidities: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The effect of glutamine supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and appetite in COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Prognostic nutritional index is a predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a single-center, retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- What Cachexia-Related Outcomes Are Measured in Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Clinical Trials?Cancers · 2025Article
- A role of arginase-1-expressing myeloid cells in cachexia.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- Risk of poor nutritional status and nutrition-related complaints in individuals attending a primary care dietitian after a COVID-19 infection: A prospective cohort study.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2025Observational
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) reducing daily energy expenditure and body core temperature.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The Impact of Frailty, Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Malnutrition on Mortality in Older Patients Hospitalized for Covid-19.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Nutritional risk and functionality of children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Nutritional management in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective multicentre study.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2024Observational
- Risk Factors Associated with Acute Sarcopenia in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2024Article
- Exploring the Association between Delirium and Malnutrition in COVID-19 Survivors: A Geriatric Perspective.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Physical Function and Their Impact on Health Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Issues Related to COVID-19.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2023Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 disease are prone to develop significant weight loss and clinical cachexia. Three reports with altogether 589 patients that reported on weight loss and cachexia in COVID-19 were identified. Disease severity of patients and the timing of the assessment during the disease course in these patients were variable-65 patients (11%) were intensive care treated at the time of assessment, and 183 (31%) were cared for in sub-intensive or intermediate care structures. The frequency of weight loss ≥5% (that defines cachexia) was 37% (range 29-52%). Correlates of weight loss occurrence were reported to be raised C-reactive protein levels, impaired renal function status, and longer duration of COVID-19 disease. Underweight status by WHO criteria (BMI < 18.5 kg/m
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.