ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Volumes Predict Gait Decline in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05320523 (Simultaneous Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus and the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Simultaneous Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus and the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 2A Learnings Incorporated into RewinD-LB, a Phase 2B Clinical Trial of Neflamapimod in Dementia with Lewy Bodies.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Trial
- Preclinical and randomized clinical evaluation of the p38α kinase inhibitor neflamapimod for basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease correlates with loss of cholinergic axon projections to cortex in an autopsy study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive impairment: An update on evidence and mechanisms.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Freezing of Gait Levodopa Response Pattern in Parkinson's Disease Provides Clues to Pathophysiology.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Improve Daily-Life Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2026Article
- Brain markers of cognitive-motor control of gait function in Parkinson's disease: links with physical activity and aerobic fitness.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- Structural and functional brain changes following diverse exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease: an MRI-based narrative review.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitter Systems Underlying Freezing of Gait (FOG) in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Asymmetric Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Atrophy Marks Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging and Pathology Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment with MRI evidence of cholinergic nucleus 4 degeneration: A new subtype?Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Resynchronization of microglial activity in the brain is associated with restoration of motor function in Parkinson's disease.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration is associated with central fatigue in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment with MRI evidence of Cholinergic Nucleus 4 Degeneration: A New Subtype?Research square · 2024Article
- Diffusion tensor metrics, motor and non-motor symptoms in de novo Parkinson's disease.Neuroradiology · 2024Article
- No evidence for effects of low-intensity vestibular noise stimulation on mild-to-moderate gait impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cholinergic nucleus degeneration and its association with gait impairment in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- A wearable sensor and machine learning estimate step length in older adults and patients with neurological disorders.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGait disturbance is an early, disabling feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is typically refractory to dopaminergic medication. The cortical cholinergic system, originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert of the basal forebrain, has been implicated. However, it is not known if degeneration in this region relates to a worsening of disease-specific gait impairment.
objectiveTo evaluate associations between sub-regional cholinergic basal forebrain volumes and longitudinal progression of gait impairment in PD.
methods99 PD participants and 47 control participants completed gait assessments via an instrumented walkway during 2 minutes of continuous walking, at baseline and for up to 3 years, from which 16 spatiotemporal characteristics were derived. Sub-regional cholinergic basal forebrain volumes were measured at baseline via MRI and a regional map derived from post-mortem histology. Univariate analyses evaluated cross-sectional associations between sub-regional volumes and gait. Linear mixed-effects models assessed whether volumes predicted longitudinal gait changes.
resultsThere were no cross-sectional, age-independent relationships between sub-regional volumes and gait. However, nucleus basalis of Meynert volumes predicted longitudinal gait changes unique to PD. Specifically, smaller nucleus basalis of Meynert volume predicted increasing step time variability (P = 0.019) and shortening swing time (P = 0.015); smaller posterior nucleus portions predicted shortening step length (P = 0.007) and increasing step time variability (P = 0.041).
conclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that degeneration of the cortical cholinergic system predicts longitudinal progression of gait impairments in PD. Measures of this degeneration may therefore provide a novel biomarker for identifying future mobility loss and falls. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.