ArticleCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2020
Determining the thresholds for abnormal left ventricular strains in healthy subjects by echocardiography: a meta-analysis.
Article in Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining the reference range for right ventricular systolic strain by echocardiography in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of left ventricular global longitudinal strain and echocardiographic changes before and after PCI in Vietnamese patients with stable angina - a single center study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Normal ranges of right atrial strain by contemporary echocardiography software: a prospective comparative cohort study.Journal of echocardiography · 2025Article
- Reference Ranges of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain by Contemporary Vendor-Neutral Echocardiography Software in Healthy Subjects.Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Left atrial strain by vendor-neutral echocardiography software in healthy subjects: vendor comparisons and associated factors.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2025Article
- A simplified approach to discriminate between healthy subjects and patients with heart failure using cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial deformation imaging.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2024Article
- Left atrial and ventricular deformation: alterations and predictive value of echocardiography parameters in end-stage renal disease patients after kidney transplantation.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2024Article
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of Aortic Valve Calcium Score with Cardiac CT for Aortic Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis.Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), circumferential strain (LVGCS) and radial strain (LVGRS) are echocardiographic parameters with wide clinical applicability. However, the thresholds for abnormal left ventricular (LV) strains, particularly the lower limits of normal (LLN), are not well established. This meta-analysis determined the mean and LLN of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) LV strain in healthy subjects and factors that influence strain measurements.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases until 31 December 2019 for studies reporting left ventricular (LV) global strain in at least 50 healthy subjects. We pooled means and LLNs of 2D and 3D LV strain using random-effects models, and performed subgroup and meta-regression analysis for LVGLS.
resultsForty-four studies were eligible totaling 8,910 subjects. The pooled means and LLNs (95% confidence intervals) were -20.1% (-20.7%, -19.6%) and -15.4% (-16.0%, -14.7%) respectively for 2D-LVGLS; -21.9% (-23.4%, -20.3%) and -15.3% (-16.9%, -13.8%) respectively for 2D-LVGCS; and 48.4% (43.8%, 53.0%) and 25.5% (17.8%, 33.1%) respectively for 2D-LVGRS. All pooled analyses demonstrated significant heterogeneity, and means and LLNs of and 3D-LV strains differed marginally from 2D. Only vendor software was associated with differences in pooled means and LLN of 2D-LVGLS.
conclusionsIn conclusion, pooled means and LLNs of 2D- and 3D-LV global strain parameters in healthy subjects were reported. Based on the pooled LLNs, thresholds for abnormal, borderline and normal strains can be defined, such as less negative than -14.7%, between -14.7% and -16.0% and more negative than -16.0% respectively for 2D-LVGLS, and 2D-LVGLS values are only affected by vendor software.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.