Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33380815›Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2020

Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence, Treatments, and Outcomes - A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Hadeel Alkofide, Abdullah M Alhammad, Alya Alruwaili, Ahmed Aldemerdash, Thamer A Almangour, Aseel Alsuwayegh, Daad Almoqbel, Aljohara Albati, Aljohara Alsaud, Mushira Enani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Giving Antibiotics a Second Chance: Evolutionary Trade-Offs and Phage-Driven Restoration of Antibiotic Susceptibility.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Molecular evaluation of colistin resistance inIranian journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Mechanistic Evaluation of LolA andInternational journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Antibiotic resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Review
  20. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hadeel AlkofideDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5032-1895
Abdullah M AlhammadDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9806-2503
Alya AlruwailiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Services Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AldemerdashDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Thamer A AlmangourDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aseel AlsuwayeghDepartment of Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital - King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Daad AlmoqbelCredit Department, Saudi Industrial Development Fund, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aljohara AlbatiBenefit Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aljohara AlsaudBiomedical Sciences, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mushira EnaniInfectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a global public health threat, especially in intensive care units (ICU). This study explored the prevalence of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in an ICU in Saudi Arabia. The appropriateness of the antibiotic therapies used and their ability to improve the clinical outcomes were also assessed.

methodsA retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in the different ICUs of a tertiary-care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Positive cultures for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacteriaceae, including

resultsOf the 227 Enterobacteriaceae cultures included in this study, 60% were either MDR (n= 130) or XDR (n= 8) infections; no PDR Enterobacteriaceae cultures were identified. Majority of the patients were female (54%), and the average age was 60.1 ± 17.7 years. MDR/XDR cultures primarily comprised

conclusionThe study revealed a high prevalence of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections, which were associated with a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship program and infection prevention and control practices, particularly in critically ill patients.

Indexed as

Enterobacteriaceaeextensively drug-resistant bacteriamultidrug-resistant bacteria

Identifiers

PMID33380815
PMCPMC7769089

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.