ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
Methylene Blue Inhibits Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus Production and Induction of Caspase-3 Mediated Human Corneal Cell Cytopathy.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting the epidemiological trend of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in China using Bayesian structural time-series model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Managing Corneal Infections: Out with the old, in with the new?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Viral Conjunctivitis.Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious eye disease caused by enterovirus type 70 (E70) and Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) with no clinically approved treatment. The antiviral activity of methylene blue (MB; a WHO essential medicine) against AHC viruses was investigated using human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC).
methodsTime and concentration-dependent MB accumulation by HCEC was determined colorimetrically and MB inhibition of virus production of 5 E70 and 3 CA24v AHC epidemic isolates in HCEC was determined by micro-plaque assay. AHC virus cytopathy inhibition by MB was detected by reductions in virus-induced caspase-3 activity and polymeric DNA fragments.
resultsMB uptake by HCEC was rapid and concentration dependent. MB inhibition of E70 and CA24v production was concentration dependent. AHC virus yields were significantly lower (50 to >10,000 fold) in HCEC pre-treated with 0.25-1% MB than in placebo controls (p's ≤ 0.01). MB pre-treatment significantly inhibited virus-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation (p's<0.01). Virus-infected cells accumulate oxidized MB and MB application up to 6 h after infection inhibited virus production and virus-induced HCEC cytopathy.
conclusionThe results suggest MB treatment prior to and shortly after infection can inhibit AHC virus production and caspase-mediated HCEC cytopathy. The results support the therapeutic potential of ophthalmic solutions containing MB against AHC virus infection during epidemics.
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