ArticleClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2021
Association between iron status and the risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19.
Article in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- The Associations of Iron Related Biomarkers with Risk, Clinical Severity and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating trace elements status in COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Hepcidin-Mediated Iron Dysmetabolism and COVID-19 Severity: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Review
- Genetic Susceptibility to Causal Relationship Between Iron Metabolism Disorder Involving Immunocytes and Risk of Pneumonia and Sepsis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COVID-19: Comprehensive Analysis of Key Topics.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Impact of Iron Profile and Vitamin D Levels on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Cross-sectional Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of Iron Status on Adaptive Immunity and Vaccine Efficacy: A Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Metabolism of NK cells during viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- COVID-19: Lessons on malnutrition, nutritional care and public health from the ESPEN-WHO Europe call for papers.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Article
- Association of iron-related biomarkers with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Article
- Association of trace element status in COVID-19 patients with disease severity.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Article
- Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients?Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements for Older Adults with Long COVID-19.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2022Review
- The Influence of Viral Infections on Iron Homeostasis and the Potential for Lactoferrin as a Therapeutic in the Age of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Low transferrin levels predict heightened inflammation in patients with COVID-19: New insights.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsIron is an essential trace element to almost all organism, and the delicate balance between host defend system and viral proliferation plays an important role in infective conditions. While the association of the iron metabolism with the prognosis of COVID-19 remains poorly understood. We aimed to estimate the associations of systemic iron metabolism parameters with the severity and risks of adverse outcomes in COVID-19.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 158 confirmed COVID-19 patients in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (27 January to 5 April, 2020). Demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory examinations, treatments, and clinical outcomes were all collected. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of iron parameter levels with the severity and risks of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
resultsWe identified 60 (38%) severe cases in 158 COVID-19 patients. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 54-73) and the median length of hospital stay was 28 days (IQR: 17-40). After adjusting for age, sex, IL-6, and pre-existing comorbidities, all iron parameters were associated with the severity of COVID-19 with adjusted risk ratio of 0.42 [95% CI: 0.22-0.83], 4.38 [95% CI: 1.86-10.33], 0.19 [95% CI: 0.08-0.48], and 0.25 [95% CI: 0.10-0.58] for serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron-binding capacity, respectively. These iron indices were also related to the risk of ARDS, coagulopathy, acute cardiac injury, acute liver injury, and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and high cytokine concentrations.
conclusionsPatients with low serum iron status likely suffered from severe condition and multiple-organ injury in COVID-19. The iron metabolism parameters might be risk factors and clinical biomarkers for COVID-19 prognosis.
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