ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Type 4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Band Pattern: Clinical and Paraclinical Features with Diagnostic Implications.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- The Value of Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Other Neurological Disorders: A Retrospective Data Analysis From an Austrian Tertiary Center.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CSF oligoclonal bands in neurological diseases besides CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Genotype-Phenotype Spectrum of 52 Mexican Patients With Fabry Disease: A Novel GLA Variant With Atypical Phenotype.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2024Article
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-A Key to Understanding and Managing Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The elusive nature of the oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Elevated phospholipids and acylcarnitines C4 and C5 in cerebrospinal fluid distinguish viral CNS infections from autoimmune neuroinflammation.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis of the brain and oral cavity: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2023Article
- [Performance of the revised 2017 McDonald criteria].Der Nervenarzt · 2023Review
- Spinal cord lesion mimicking a dysimmune myelitis revealing CANVAS syndrome.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical associations and characteristics of the polyspecific intrathecal immune response in elderly patients with non-multiple sclerosis chronic autoimmune-inflammatory neurological diseases - a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Assessment of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.PloS one · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Sexual Dimorphism in Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Content Does Not Affect Intrathecal IgG Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple System Atrophy: Case Report and Proposed Mechanisms of Immunogenicity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Influence of Renal Function Impairment on Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2021Review
- Determination of CSF GFAP, CCN5, and vWF Levels Enhances the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinically Defined MS From Non-MS Patients With CSF Oligoclonal Bands.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is an essential part of the diagnostic workup in various neurological disorders. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, as demonstrated by Reiber's diagram or the more sensitive oligoclonal bands (OCB), are typical for neuroinflammatory diseases, and normally not expected in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Therefore, patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases are often used in control groups in studies investigating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. However, data about the frequency of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in non-inflammatory neurological disease are scarce. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) records of a total of 3622 patients were screened and 2114 patients included with presumably non-inflammatory neurological diseases like dementia, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, motoneuron disease, stroke, and epileptic seizures. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis can be found with low frequency also in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. A much higher rate of patients showed intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis as demonstrated by OCB than by Reiber's diagram. In patients with disorders of the peripheral nervous system the frequency of OCB was much lower than in patients presenting with central nervous system manifestations. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis should not automatically lead to exclusion of non-inflammatory neurological diseases but should rather prompt the way to investigate for the origin of the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.
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