ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Possible Adverse Effects of Food Additive E171 (Titanium Dioxide) Related to Particle Specific Human Toxicity, Including the Immune System.
Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Titanium Dioxide (E171) Alters the Colon Transcriptome-Evidence From a Human Dietary Intervention Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Using sentiment analysis to quantify the relative desirability and acceptability of drug-product attributes.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Use of organ-on-chip devices and single particle ICP-MS for assessing dynamic in vitro bioavailability of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles from foodstuff.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental Pollutants and Food Allergy: From Traditional Triggers to Emerging Hazards.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Combined exposure to titanium nanoparticles and nanoplastics damages the male reproductive system and sperm activity.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Dietary Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Release of Titanium Particles After Implantoplasty in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Local and Systemic Implications-An Integrative Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Glia Cells Are Selectively Sensitive to Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Mineral Forms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on rat submandibular salivary glands and the protective role of vitamin E.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Development of a Natural Coating Based on Fermented Milk Whey for Biopreservation of Cheese.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Hepatotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Review
- Investigating the ROS Formation and Particle Behavior of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide (E171) in the TIM-1 Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Model.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers heterogenous immune cell responses upon exposure to food additive (E171) titanium dioxide.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Exposure to a Titanium Dioxide Product Alters DNA Methylation in Human Cells.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cellular andThe journal of physical chemistry. B · 2024Article
- Validating Enteroid-Derived Monolayers from Murine Gut Organoids for Toxicological Testing of Inorganic Particles: Proof-of-Concept with Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparable Toxicity of Surface-Modified TiOAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of chronic prenatal exposure to the food additive titanium dioxide E171 on respiratory activity in newborn mice.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Nicolaj S BischoffDepartment of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5032-6314
Theo M de KokDepartment of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Dick T H M SijmDepartment of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Simone G van BredaDepartment of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1421-8214
Jacco J BriedéDepartment of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1405-5232
Jacqueline J M CastenmillerNetherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Antoon OpperhuizenNetherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Yolanda I ChirinoUnidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-6627-3392
Hubert DirvenNorwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
David GottFood Standard Agency, London SW1H9EX, UK.
Eric HoudeauFrench National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 75338 Paris, France.
Agnes G OomenNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Morten PoulsenNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Gerhard RoglerDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Henk van LoverenNetherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University · NLNetherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority · NLFood Standards Agency · GBInstitut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · FRNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NLNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOTechnical University of Denmark · DKUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México · MXUniversity Hospital of Zurich · CH
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO
Indexed as
AnimalsColoring AgentsDietary ExposureHumansNanoparticlesTitaniumToxicity TestsColoring AgentsTitaniumtitanium dioxideadverse health effectsE171food additivefood safetymode of actionnanomaterialnano sizeoral exposurereviewTiO2titanium dioxidetoxicity
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.