ReviewCancers2020
3D Culture Systems for Exploring Cancer Immunology.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Article
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Ex Vivo Treatment Response Prediction in Multiple Myeloma: Assay Formats, Clinical Correlation, and Future Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Human preclinical multiple myeloma in vitro models for disease modeling and therapy screening.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- ErbB2/HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells eliminate breast cancer cells in an organoid model that recapitulates tumor progression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Real-Time Visualization of Endogenous HChemical & biomedical imaging · 2025Article
- A 3D Co-Culture Scaffold Approach to Assess Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy Bystander and Abscopal Immune Effects on Clonogenic Survival.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional in vitro models in head and neck cancer: current trends and applications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- CD133-Guided RNA Nanoparticle Delivery of FTO siRNA Impairs Leukemia Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy.RNA nanomed · 2025Article
- Use of spheroids as a model to evaluate the anticancer action of animal venoms and derived molecules: 2010-2024 review.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Modeling the pre-metastatic niche of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis under spatiotemporal resolution and investigating EVs-mediated immune suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Bridging the gap: the role of 3D cell cultures in mimicking tumor microenvironment for enhanced drug testing accuracy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Clinical Perspectives and Novel Preclinical Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Critical Review.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells protect combined oncolytic and helper-dependent adenoviruses from humoral immunity.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Uniform sized cancer spheroids production using hydrogel-based droplet microfluidics: a review.Biomedical microdevices · 2024Review
- Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers-Techniques, applications, and future perspectives.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, spurring extensive investigation into cancer immunology and how to exploit this biology for therapeutic benefit. Current methods to investigate cancer-immune cell interactions and develop novel drug therapies rely on either two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or murine models. However, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a potentially superior alternative model to both 2D and murine approaches. As opposed to 2D models, 3D models are more physiologically relevant and better replicate tumor complexities. Compared to murine models, 3D models are cheaper, faster, and can study the human immune system. In this review, we discuss the most common 3D culture systems-spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic chips-and detail how these systems have advanced our understanding of cancer immunology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.