ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021
The association of previous influenza vaccination and coronavirus disease-2019.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Previous Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection Risk and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Influenza Vaccination Mediates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Peptide-Induced Inflammatory Response via Modification of Histone Acetylation.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Effect of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on Long COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination and the Risk of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Importance of Influenza Anti-Hemagglutinin Antibodies During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the 2019/2020 Epidemic Season in Poland.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
- Correlates of influenza vaccination among underserved Latinx middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Influenza Vaccine May Protect Pregnant and Postpartum Women against Severe COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Heterologous vaccination interventions to reduce pandemic morbidity and mortality: Modeling the US winter 2020 COVID-19 wave.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 infection and disease severity: A nationwide observational study in Estonia.PloS one · 2022Observational
- The Potential Benefits of the Influenza Vaccination on COVID-19 Mortality Rate-A Retrospective Analysis of Patients in Poland.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Rates and associates of influenza and pneumococcus vaccination in diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cross-sectional study (TEMD vaccination study).World journal of diabetes · 2021Article
- Risk of symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection not associated with influenza vaccination in the 2019-2020 season.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- HIV self-testing in Ottawa, Canada used by persons at risk for HIV: The GetaKit study.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies have shown similarities in the structure of influenza and coronaviruses, in their binding receptors and in patterns of immune responses; and that influenza vaccine can induce cross-immunity. We examined the association of previous influenza vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, resulting in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), among 715,164 members of a health maintenance organization. In a multivariate regression model, the odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals vaccinated for influenza in 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and in both seasons, compared to non-vaccinated individuals, were 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-0.99,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.