ArticleEvolution, medicine, and public health2020
Treatment timing shifts the benefits of short and long antibiotic treatment over infection.
Article in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Modelling the role of the microbiome in antimicrobial resistance across scales.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Assessment of Antimicrobial Transition Errors from Hospitals to Skilled Nursing Facilities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Feasibility of a rat femoral-defect model for immediate perioperative and delayed post-implantation implant-associated bone infections.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Article
- Quality of Life Changes in Respiratory Infection Trajectory with Point of Care Testing During Clinical Consultation.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
- Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of BrSPR20-P1 Peptide and Silver Nanoparticles Against Pathogenic Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Non-Interventional Monitoring on Antibiotic Consumption in a Critical Care Setting: A Three-Year Comparative Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes in antibiotic use associated with the National Centralized Drug Procurement policy in China from 2019 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Brazilian Plant Terpenes to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- An ecological and stochastic perspective on persisters resuscitation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Triggering Toll-Like Receptor 5 Signaling During Pneumococcal Superinfection Prevents the Selection of Antibiotic Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Modelling the implementation of narrow versus broader spectrum antibiotics in the empiric treatment of E. coli bacteraemia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Shorter and Longer Antibiotic Durations for Respiratory Infections: To Fight Antimicrobial Resistance-A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Secondary Care Setting in the UK.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Short-course antibiotic therapy: The next frontier in antimicrobial stewardship.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
- Association of multidrug resistance behavior of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa to pigment coloration.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Photobiomodulation studies on diabetic wound healing: An insight into the inflammatory pathway in diabetic wound healing.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotics are the major tool for treating bacterial infections. Rising antibiotic resistance, however, calls for a better use of antibiotics. While classical recommendations favor long and aggressive treatments, more recent clinical trials advocate for moderate regimens. In this debate, two axes of 'aggression' have typically been conflated: treatment intensity (dose) and treatment duration. The third dimension of treatment timing along each individual's infection course has rarely been addressed. By using a generic mathematical model of bacterial infection controlled by immune response, we examine how the relative effectiveness of antibiotic treatment varies with its timing, duration and antibiotic kill rate. We show that short or long treatments may both be beneficial depending on treatment onset, the target criterion for success and on antibiotic efficacy. This results from the dynamic trade-off between immune response build-up and resistance risk in acute, self-limiting infections, and uncertainty relating symptoms to infection variables. We show that in our model early optimal treatments tend to be 'short and strong', while late optimal treatments tend to be 'mild and long'. This suggests a shift in the aggression axis depending on the timing of treatment. We find that any specific optimal treatment schedule may perform more poorly if evaluated by other criteria, or under different host-specific conditions. Our results suggest that major advances in antibiotic stewardship must come from a deeper empirical understanding of bacterial infection processes in individual hosts. To guide rational therapy, mathematical models need to be constrained by data, including a better quantification of personal disease trajectory in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.