ArticleBMJ open2020
Burden of diabetic macular oedema in patients receiving antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy in South Korea: a healthcare resource use and cost analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema: A systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Short-term treatment outcomes of the ranibizumab biosimilar CKD-701 for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Quantifying the direct costs of diabetic retinopathy in a mixed healthcare system: a hospital-based study from governmental and patient perspectives.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Quercetin attenuates high glucose-induced VEGFA expression in ARPE-19 cells by inhibiting ROS generation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Persistent disparities in diabetic retinopathy outcomes among socially deprived individuals despite treatment adherence.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Patient-Centered Economic Burden of Diabetic Macular Edema: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Patient-Centered Economic Burden of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of macular edema.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Deep Learning Prediction of Response to Anti-VEGF among Diabetic Macular Edema Patients: Treatment Response Analyzer System (TRAS).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) and direct medical costs for patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in Korea by comparing with those for (1) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy and (2) patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with anti-VEGF.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingThe Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) database from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016.
participantsWe identified 1398 patients older than 30 years of age who received anti-VEGF treatment for DME in 2015 after excluding patients who had a diagnosis of nAMD in 2015 and any cancer in the preceding year.
main outcome measuresOne-year healthcare resource use and direct medical costs of patients with DME treated with anti-VEGF.
resultsIn total, 1398 patients with DME receiving anti-VEGF, 12 813 patients with DM without retinopathy and 12 222 patients with nAMD receiving anti-VEGF were identified. Hospital admissions and outpatient visits were highest in patients with DME, while the number of licensed anti-VEGF injections in those with DME was about half that of those with nAMD (2.1 vs 3.9 per patient per year). Mean 1-year medical costs were also higher in patients with DME (US$6723) than in those with DM without retinopathy (US$2687) and nAMD (US$4980). In a multivariable analysis with matched cohorts, DME was associated with 66% higher medical costs for comorbid diseases (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.66; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.90) and 50% lower anti-VEGF injections (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.54) compared with nAMD.
conclusionsThe overall HRU and economic burden for DME treated with anti-VEGF were higher than for DM without retinopathy or for nAMD treated with anti-VEGF. Meanwhile, the lower number of licensed anti-VEGF injections compared with nAMD may reflect a potential lack of ophthalmological treatment for DME supported by the NHI in Korea.
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