ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting Male Fertility: The Impact of Gonadotropin Therapy on Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Andrology · 2026Pooled it
- Care of Patients with Male Hypogonadism: A Joint Position Statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), the Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU), and the Brazilian Association for Sexual Medicine and Health (ABEMSS).International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyGuideline
- Testicular ageing as a central hallmark of male senescence: characteristics, molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Fertility Outcomes in Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia Due to Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism After Gonadotropin Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Increased SOAT2 Expression with Abnormal Cholesterol Esterification and Testosterone Deficiency in Late-Onset Hypogonadism Rats.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Adulteration of Sports Supplements with Anabolic Steroids-From Innocent Athlete to Vicious Cheater.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Mechanisms of Leydig Cell Aging and Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Men: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Review
- Diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in men seeking to preserve fertility - what are the options?International journal of impotence research · 2025Review
- Article
- Is There a Role for Hormonal Therapy in Men with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT)?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Evaluating the impact of testosterone replacement therapy on carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Future science OA · 2024Review
- The Relationship Between Exogenous Testosterone Use and Risk for Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- An Update on Advances in Hypopituitarism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Current Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Clomiphene Citrate Treatment as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Male Hypogonadism: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Management of Male Infertility with Coexisting Sexual Dysfunction: A Consensus Statement and Clinical Recommendations from the Asia-Pacific Society of Sexual Medicine (APSSM) and the Asian Society of Men's Health and Aging (ASMHA).The world journal of men's health · 2024Review
- Long-term use of clomiphene in male macroprolactinomas with persistent hypogonadism.Endocrine · 2024Article
- The effect of red blood cell disorders on male fertility and reproductive health.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis.Bone research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Central hypogonadism is a clinical condition, characterized by sexual symptoms and low serum testosterone levels, due to an impaired function of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the standard treatment for hypogonadism, but it has some disadvantages. TRT is not a good option in men wishing to preserve fertility, nor in men with (a high risk of) prostate cancer, polycythemia, thrombophilia and severe cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss alternative treatments for central hypogonadism. If reversible causes are present, non-pharmacological interventions can be therapeutic. Gonadotropins are a good alternative to TRT when fertility is desired in the near future though they require frequent injections. Clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen seem to be a safe alternative for the treatment of functional central hypogonadism in men, as several studies reported a significant increase in testosterone levels with these drugs. However, their use is off-label and data supporting the efficacy of clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen on hypogonadal symptoms are insufficient. For this reason, clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen should not be used in routine clinical practice to treat sexual symptoms in men with central hypogonadism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.