ReviewToxins2020
Engineering Botulinum Neurotoxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications and Vaccine Development.
Review in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Advances in Clostridial Neurotoxins: Passage of the Intestinal Barrier and Targeting of Specific Neuronal Cells.Toxins · 2026Review
- Dysphagia and Muscle Weakness Caused by Botulinum Toxin Poisoning after Cosmetic Injection: Three Case Reports and Clinical Warnings.Dysphagia · 2025Review
- Clostridium botulinum serotype B: microbial genetics, toxin biosynthesis, current applications, and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin Light Chain/A1 uses fast synaptic vesicle cycling to cleave plasma membrane bound SNAP-25.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Novel platform for engineering stable and effective vaccines against botulinum neurotoxins A, B and E.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Foodborne botulism outbreak involving different nationalities during the Rugby World Cup: critical role of credit card data and rapid international cooperation, France, September 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Molecular landscape of BoNT/B bound to a membrane-inserted synaptotagmin/ganglioside complex.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- High Cell Density Cultivation Process for the Expression of Botulinum Neurotoxin a Receptor Binding Domain.Toxins · 2022Article
- Article
- NGF Enhances CGRP Release Evoked by Capsaicin from Rat Trigeminal Neurons: Differential Inhibition by SNAP-25-Cleaving Proteases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins in Central Nervous System: An Overview from Animal Models to Human Therapy.Toxins · 2021Review
- Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update.Toxins · 2021Review
- The enemy at the gate: Botulism.Turkish journal of emergency medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was used for the treatment of strabismus, however, nowadays, BoNT has multiple medical applications including the treatment of muscle hyperactivity such as strabismus, dystonia, movement disorders, hemifacial spasm, essential tremor, tics, cervical dystonia, cerebral palsy, as well as secretory disorders (hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea) and pain syndromes such as chronic migraine. This review summarizes current knowledge related to engineering of botulinum toxins, with particular emphasis on their potential therapeutic applications for pain management and for retargeting to non-neuronal tissues. Advances in molecular biology have resulted in generating modified BoNTs with the potential to act in a variety of disorders, however, in addition to the modifications of well characterized toxinotypes, the diversity of the wild type BoNT toxinotypes or subtypes, provides the basis for innovative BoNT-based therapeutics and research tools. This expanding BoNT superfamily forms the foundation for new toxins candidates in a wider range of therapeutic options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.