ArticleVaccines2020
Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vaccines for the Global Pandemic Demand.
Article in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and immunogenicity of an optimized self-replicating RNA platform for low dose or single dose vaccine applications: a randomized, open label Phase I study in healthy volunteers.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- IntegratedMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Analytical Characterization and Stability Assessment of RNA-Based Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Proof-of-Concept Bioassay of an Encapsulated mRNA for Human Growth Hormone.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of expression, immunogenicity, and safety profiles between linear and circular RNA vaccine platforms.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Engineered T7 RNA polymerase to improve mRNA capping efficiency and reduce dsRNA generation duringMolecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Emerging Non-Conventional Approaches in mRNA-LNP Formulation for Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The era of "Infectious Diseases+" has arrived: multi-disciplinary integration in pediatric infectious disease prevention and control.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- StealthX: A Versatile and Potent Exosome-Based Vaccine Platform for the Next Pandemic.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Differences and Similarities in Protein and Nucleic Acid Structures and Their Biological Interactions.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Expanding modeling boundaries to design more resilient vaccine supply networks.Health care management science · 2025Article
- Engineering bone tissue with mRNA: from molecular design and delivery to clinical applications.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine platforms and novel delivery systems: From mechanistic principles to clinical translation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- RNA-based cancer vaccines: mechanisms, clinical progress, and translational challenges.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Spotlighting the criticality of lipid quality control through a mechanistic investigation of mRNA activity loss in lipid nanoparticles.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Respiratory virus mRNA vaccines: mRNA Design, clinical studies, and future challenges.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Advancements and challenges in next-generation mRNA vaccine manufacturing systems.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Review
- Controlled Release of Poly(U) via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Adjuvant Delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of DNase-1 Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Synthesized by Inverse Flash Nanoprecipitation for Neutrophil-Mediated Drug Delivery to In Vitro Thrombi.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process performance is assessed for three messenger RNA (mRNA) and one self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, all currently under clinical development, as well as for a hypothetical next-generation saRNA vaccine. The impact of key process design and operation uncertainties on the performance of the production process was assessed. The RNA vaccine drug substance (DS) production rates, volumes and costs are mostly impacted by the RNA amount per vaccine dose and to a lesser extent by the scale and titre in the production process. The resources, production scale and speed required to meet global demand vary substantially in function of the RNA amount per dose. For lower dose saRNA vaccines, global demand can be met using a production process at a scale of below 10 L bioreactor working volume. Consequently, these small-scale processes require a low amount of resources to set up and operate. RNA DS production can be faster than fill-to-finish into multidose vials; hence the latter may constitute a bottleneck.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.