ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Microleakage Analysis of Different Bulk-Filling Techniques for Class II Restorations: µ-CT, SEM and EDS Evaluations.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Operative Techniques on Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in Class II Resin-Based Composite Restorations: A Systematic Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of cuspal deflection and microleakage of an incrementally packed versus a low shrinkage bulk-fill nanohybrid resin composite: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Interfacial gap formation of class II composite restorations with proximal box elevation using bulk-fill materials: a micro-CT study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In Vitro Techniques for Microleakage Evaluation of Coronary Restorative Materials: A Scoping and Mapping Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Micro-CT Assessment of Internal and External Void Formation in Class II Restorations of Primary Molars Using Bulk-Fill Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Interfacial Effects Between Dental Impression and Die Materials and Their Role in the Internal Fit of Indirect Resin-Based Composite Restorations.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Glass Fiber Reinforcement on Marginal Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An In Vitro Pilot Study.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- The Influence of Adhesive Strategy, Type of Dental Composite, and Polishing Time on Marginal Gap Formation in Class I-like Cavities.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- 3D-2D microleakage assessment of preheated bulk-fill composite resin applied with different parameters: a micro-CT analysis.Odontology · 2023Article
- Dental restoration operative time and analysis of the internal gap of conventional resins (Incremental Technique) vs. Bulk Fill (Single-Increment Technique):Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Article
- The "Dedicated" C.B.C.T. in Dentistry.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Stamp Technique: An Explorative SEM Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2023Article
- Physical-Chemical Characterization of Different Carbon-Based Sorbents for Environmental Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Micro-computed tomography for assessing the internal and external voids of bulk-fill composite restorations: A technical report.Imaging science in dentistry · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of Erbium, Chromium-doped: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium and Garnet Laser Tooth Preparation on Gap Formation of Universal Adhesive Bonded to Enamel and Dentin: A Micro-CT and SEM Study.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2022Article
- Micro-computed tomography in preventive and restorative dental research: A review.Imaging science in dentistry · 2021Review
- Assessment of the Potential Ability to Penetrate into the Hard Tissues of the Root of an Experimental Preparation with the Characteristics of a Dental Infiltratant, Enriched with an Antimicrobial Component-Preliminary Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Engineering of a Biomimetic Interface between a Native Dental Tissue and Restorative Composite and Its Study Using Synchrotron FTIR Microscopic Mapping.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Computer Aided Design Modelling and Finite Element Analysis of Premolar Proximal Cavities Restored with Resin Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to compare two different bulk-filling techniques, evaluating the internal and external adaptation of class II resin-composite restorations, by analysing the gap formation using microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Two standardized mesio/disto-occlusal (MO/DO) cavities were prepared in eight extracted human third molars that were divided, according to the filling technique used, in the following two groups (n = 4): BG (Bulk&Go group) and BT (Bulk Traditional group). After universal bonding application, followed by the light curing, all teeth were restored using a bulk-fill composite. Specimens were scanned with µ-CT to evaluate 3D interfacial gaps. Acquired µ-CT data were analysed to quantify the gap formation. Complementary information to the µ-CT analysis were obtained by SEM. Thereafter, the chemical composition of tooth-restoration interface was analysed using EDS. The µ-CT analysis revealed gaps formation at the tooth-restoration interface for both the BG and BT groups, while within the restoration, only in the BT group there was evidence of microleakage formation. The scanning electron micrographs of both groups showed that the external marginal integrity of the restoration was preserved, while EDS showed the three different structures (tooth surface, adhesive layer and resin composite) of the tooth-restoration interface, highlighting the absence of gap formation. In both BG and BT, the two filling techniques did not show significant differences regarding the internal and external marginal adaptation of the restoration. To achieve a successful restoration, the clinician could be advised to restore a class II cavity using a single increment bulk-filling technique (BG), thus treating it as a class I cavity.
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Registered trials
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