ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2021
Circumstances of overdose among suburban women who use opioids: Extending an urban analysis informed by drug, set, and setting.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial factors associated with overdose subsequent to Illicit Drug use: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Harm reduction journal · 2024Pooled it
- Geospatial Determinants and Spatial Heterogeneity of Opioid Overdose Mortality in Arizona.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial Patterns of Opioid Overdose Mortality Risk Across Urban, Transitional, and Rural Communities Using Satellite-Derived and Socioeconomic Indicators.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- "I don't know how you can overdose smoking them:" Perceptions of overdose risks among persons who use illicit fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The impact of social isolation policies during COVID-19 on suburban mothers and pregnant women with opioid use disorder.Women & health · 2024Article
- Overdose Experiences Among a Sample of Women in Jail with Opioid Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Language preferences and impact of labels on the lived experience of people who use heroin.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Economic Challenges and Behavioral and Mental Health Risks for Overdose during the COVID-19 Pandemic among People Who Inject Drugs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Mothers Who Use Drugs: Closing the Gaps in Harm Reduction Response Amidst the Dual Epidemics of Overdose and Violence in a Canadian Urban Setting.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Substance use and overdose risk: documenting the perspectives of formerly incarcerated persons in the Fraser East region of BC.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Barriers and Motivators to Opioid Treatment Among Suburban Women Who Are Pregnant and Mothers in Caregiver Roles.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid overdoses are primarily discussed by the pharmacological properties of the drugs used. Research shows that other factors such as the social/physical environment and the mental/emotional states can have an impact on overdose events. Ataiants and colleagues (2020) used Zinberg's "drug, set, and setting" framework to identify circumstances surrounding overdose experiences of street-involved women in Philadelphia. The aim of this paper is to extend their analysis to a diverse sample of suburban women who experienced overdoses.
methodsThe mixed-methods design consisted of ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and brief surveys with 32 suburban women who use opioids. Inductive theoretical reasoning and constant comparative analysis facilitated themes emerging within the "drug, set, and setting" framework.
resultsEighteen out of 32 women identified "drug" as the primary factor involved in their overdose events. Major themes were an inability to identify the synthetic opioid fentanyl, lack of knowledge or control over how much to use, poly-substance use, and an insufficient understanding of risks. Eleven out of 32 women linked "set" to their overdose experiences. Themes included emotional trauma, such as death of a child, child custody issues, and mental health conditions, such as depression. Six out of 32 women associated "setting" with one of their overdose experiences. Themes were related to being with friends or partners that used, and having recently been released from treatment or incarceration.
conclusionFindings show similar themes found among an urban sample, adding insight on the need for effective overdose interventions targeted for suburban populations. The opioid crisis is not confined to the cities, and neither should services aimed at addressing opioid overdose. The knowledge provided here can help policy makers support female-centered harm reduction services not only in urban areas but also in the suburbs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.