Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33373467›Full record

GuidelineJournal of inherited metabolic disease2021

MRI surveillance of boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy identified by newborn screening: Meta-analysis and consensus guidelines.

Eric J Mallack, Bela R Turk, Helena Yan, Carrie Price, Michelle Demetres, Ann B Moser, Catherine Becker, Kim Hollandsworth, Laura Adang, Adeline Vanderver and 13 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisPractice GuidelineSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Guideline in Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Rigorous genetic diagnosis review in natural history studies.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Seizures in childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025
    Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Reporting ABCD1 variants as actionable secondary findings on exome and genome sequencing.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.

Eric J MallackDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2678-8807
Bela R TurkDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Helena YanDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Carrie PriceDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Michelle DemetresDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Ann B MoserDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Catherine BeckerDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kim HollandsworthDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Laura AdangDivision of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Adeline VanderverDivision of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Keith Van HarenDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA.
Maura RuzhnikovDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA.
Joanne KurtzbergDepartment of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Gustavo MaegawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Paul J OrchardDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Troy C LundDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Gerald V RaymondDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Molly RegelmannDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA.
Joseph J OrsiniNewborn Screening Program, NY State Department of Health, New York, New York, USA.
Elisa SeegerAidan Jack Seeger Foundation, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Stephan KempDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Florian EichlerDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ali FatemiDivision of Neurogenetics and The Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kennedy Krieger Institute · USNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USHarvard University · USLucile Packard Children's Hospital · USUniversity of Minnesota Children's Hospital · USChildren's Hospital at Montefiore · USDuke University · USEmma Kinderziekenhuis · NLJack Miller Center · USNew York State Department of Health · USUF Health Shands Hospital · US

Funding

Validation of the GMFC-MLDU54NS115052 · NINDS · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Laura Ann Adang, FLORIAN S EICHLER · 2019 to 2026
$14.3M
Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction, Brain and Neurobehavioral Development in AutismP50HD103538 · NICHD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI Stewart H Mostofsky · 2020 to 2026
$9.9M
Translational Neuroscience CoreU54HD079123 · NICHD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI FATEMI, S. ALI, SCHLAGGAR, BRADLEY L · 2014 to 2019
$7.9M
WCMC Child Neurology Postdoctoral Training on Developmental NeurosciencesK12NS066274 · NINDS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI KOSOFSKY, BARRY E · 2010 to 2019
$2.8M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103538NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD079123NINDS NIH HHS K12 NS066274NINDS NIH HHS U54 NS115052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmong boys with X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a subset will develop childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD). CCALD is typically lethal without hematopoietic stem cell transplant before or soon after symptom onset. We sought to establish evidence-based guidelines detailing the neuroimaging surveillance of boys with neurologically asymptomatic adrenoleukodystrophy.

methodsTo establish the most frequent age and diagnostic neuroimaging modality for CCALD, we completed a meta-analysis of relevant studies published between January 1, 1970 and September 10, 2019. We used the consensus development conference method to incorporate the resulting data into guidelines to inform the timing and techniques for neuroimaging surveillance. Final guideline agreement was defined as >80% consensus.

resultsOne hundred twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria yielding 1285 patients. The overall mean age of CCALD diagnosis is 7.91 years old. The median age of CCALD diagnosis calculated from individual patient data is 7.0 years old (IQR: 6.0-9.5, n = 349). Ninety percent of patients were diagnosed between 3 and 12. Conventional MRI was most frequently reported, comprised most often of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. The expert panel achieved 95.7% consensus on the following surveillance parameters: (a) Obtain an MRI between 12 and 18 months old. (b) Obtain a second MRI 1 year after baseline. (c) Between 3 and 12 years old, obtain a contrast-enhanced MRI every 6 months. (d) After 12 years, obtain an annual MRI.

conclusionBoys with adrenoleukodystrophy identified early in life should be monitored with serial brain MRIs during the period of highest risk for conversion to CCALD.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingAdrenoleukodystrophyChildChild, PreschoolConsensus Statements as TopicHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNeonatal ScreeningadrenoleukodystrophycerebralchildhoodimagingMRInewborn screeningsurveillance

Identifiers

PMID33373467
PMCPMC8113077
OpenAlexW3117410688

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.