ReviewEndocrinology2021
The Gut Microbial Endocrine Organ in Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1: a critical link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Associations of Diabetes Mellitus Status and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with the Gut Microbiota in Nursing-Home Residents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gut microbe-derivedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Type 2 Diabetes: Nutritional and Therapeutic Strategies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The role of metaorganismal lipid metabolism in human health and disease.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Article
- The Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Cinnamon Extract: Insights from Network Pharmacology, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolites.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Polydatin combined with hawthorn flavonoids alleviate high fat diet induced atherosclerosis by remodeling the gut microbiota and glycolipid metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Next-Generation Probiotics and Chronic Diseases: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Review
- Bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between the gut microbiota and male reproductive diseases.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Multiple Chronic Diseases.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metabolic syndrome's new therapy: Supplement the gut microbiome.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Prospective Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota and metabolomic profile changes play critical roles in tacrolimus-induced diabetes in rats.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Advances in fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- GMMAD: a comprehensive database of human gut microbial metabolite associations with diseases.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- Indolepropionic Acid, a Gut Bacteria-Produced Tryptophan Metabolite and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Effects of lactoferrin on intestinal flora of metabolic disorder mice.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Historically, the focus of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research has been on host metabolism and hormone action. However, emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome, commensal microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, also play a significant role in T2DM pathogenesis. Specifically, gut microbes metabolize what is available to them through the host diet to produce small molecule metabolites that can have endocrine-like effects on human cells. In fact, the meta-organismal crosstalk between gut microbe-generated metabolites and host receptor systems may represent an untapped therapeutic target for those at risk for or suffering from T2DM. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbe-derived metabolites can impact host adiposity, insulin resistance, and hormone secretion to collectively impact T2DM progression. Here we review the current evidence that structurally diverse gut microbe-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, aromatic metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide, polyamines, and N-acyl amides, that can engage with host receptors in an endocrine-like manner to promote host metabolic disturbance associated with T2DM. Although these microbe-host signaling circuits are not as well understood as host hormonal signaling, they hold untapped potential as new druggable targets to improve T2DM complications. Whether drugs that selectively target meta-organismal endocrinology will be safe and efficacious in treating T2DM is a key new question in the field of endocrinology. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges in targeting the gut microbial endocrine organ for the treatment of diabetes and potentially many other diseases where diet-microbe-host interactions play a contributory role.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.