ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Distinct roles of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in the catabolism of triacylglycerol estolides.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute exercise-induced lipolysis and increase in levels of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids in adipose tissue are impaired in obese and aged mice.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the mechanism of Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction in cancer cachexia-induced lipolysis through network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Lipid droplets as stress-buffering organelles in cancer cell homeostasis.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and alkyl-diacylglycerols: minor but bioactive components in human milk.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- FAHFAs are detected in postprandial chylomicron and VLDL fractions and can be released from TG estolides by LPL in vitro.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- Lactobacillus Plantarum Q180 Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Regulates Energy Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Lipotoxicity in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Basis and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- White-to-brown adipose switching promotes bladder cancer progression.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- ATGL-catalyzed biosynthesis mediates the upregulation of fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) levels in white adipose tissue with fasting.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Patatin-domain-containing (phospho)lipases under control: Mammalian co-regulators and pathogenic activation mechanisms.FEBS open bio · 2026Review
- Synthetic pancreatic lipase inhibitors in obesity treatment: current updates onRSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- DDHD2 possesses both lipase and transacylase capacities that remodel triglyceride acyl chains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The effects of saturated fatty acid supplements on plasma and milk concentration of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids in dairy cows.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Enzymatic interesterification of freshwater fish oil from grass carp (Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- DDHD2 possesses both lipase and transacylase capacities that remodel triglyceride acyl chains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Activation of Focal Adhesion Pathway byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The measurement, regulation and biological activity of FAHFAs.Nature chemical biology · 2025Review
- FTO inhibition mitigates high-fat diet-induced metabolic disturbances and cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Inhibition of triglyceride metabolism-associated enhancers alters lipid deposition during adipocyte differentiation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Modulation of lipid metabolism by exercise: exploring its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Branched esters of palmitic acid and hydroxy stearic acid are antiinflammatory and antidiabetic lipokines that belong to a family of fatty acid (FA) esters of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) called FAHFAs. FAHFAs themselves belong to oligomeric FA esters, known as estolides. Glycerol-bound FAHFAs in triacylglycerols (TAGs), named TAG estolides, serve as metabolite reservoir of FAHFAs mobilized by lipases upon demand. Here, we characterized the involvement of two major metabolic lipases, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), in TAG estolide and FAHFA degradation. We synthesized a library of 20 TAG estolide isomers with FAHFAs varying in branching position, chain length, saturation grade, and position on the glycerol backbone and developed an in silico mass spectra library of all predicted catabolic intermediates. We found that ATGL alone or coactivated by comparative gene identification-58 efficiently liberated FAHFAs from TAG estolides with a preference for more compact substrates where the estolide branching point is located near the glycerol ester bond. ATGL was further involved in transesterification and remodeling reactions leading to the formation of TAG estolides with alternative acyl compositions. HSL represented a much more potent estolide bond hydrolase for both TAG estolides and free FAHFAs. FAHFA and TAG estolide accumulation in white adipose tissue of mice lacking HSL argued for a functional role of HSL in estolide catabolism in vivo. Our data show that ATGL and HSL participate in the metabolism of estolides and TAG estolides in distinct manners and are likely to affect the lipokine function of FAHFAs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.