Observational studyBMJ open2020
Cardiovascular risk prediction using physical performance measures in COPD: results from a multicentre observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methods to assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating the prognostic value of digital mobility outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Predictive models for mortality readmission events and cardiovascular complications in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Nomogram based on quantitative lung CT features to identify cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and predict prognosis.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Present from Early COPD Stages, Being in a Close Relationship with Systemic Inflammation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Circulating testosterone levels and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from ECLIPSE and ERICA.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Observational
- Might Dog Walking Reduce the Impact of COPD on Patients' Life?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Quality Standard Position Statements for Health System Policy Changes in Diagnosis and Management of COPD: A Global Perspective.Advances in therapy · 2022Article
- Nomograms for Predicting Coexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Prognosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study Based on NHANES Data.Canadian respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Prediction of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAlthough cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is unknown how to improve prediction of cardiovascular (CV) risk in individuals with COPD. Traditional CV risk scores have been tested in different populations but not uniquely in COPD. The potential of alternative markers to improve CV risk prediction in individuals with COPD is unknown. We aimed to determine the predictive value of conventional CVD risk factors in COPD and to determine if additional markers improve prediction beyond conventional factors.
designData from the Evaluation of the Role of Inflammation in Chronic Airways disease cohort, which enrolled 729 individuals with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II-IV COPD were used. Linked hospital episode statistics and survival data were prospectively collected for a median 4.6 years of follow-up.
settingFive UK centres interested in COPD.
participantsPopulation-based sample including 714 individuals with spirometry-defined COPD, smoked at least 10 pack years and who were clinically stable for >4 weeks.
interventionsBaseline measurements included aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, spirometry and Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnoea and Exercise capacity (BODE) Index, 6 min walk test (6MWT) and 4 m gait speed (4MGS) test. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: New occurrence (first event) of fatal or non-fatal hospitalised CVD, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
resultsOut of 714 participants, 192 (27%) had CV hospitalisation and 6 died due to CVD. The overall CV risk model C-statistic was 0.689 (95% CI 0.688 to 0.691). aPWV and CIMT neither had an association with study outcome nor improved model prediction. CRP, fibrinogen, GOLD stage, BODE Index, 4MGS and 6MWT were associated with the outcome, independently of conventional risk factors (p<0.05 for all). However, only 6MWT improved model discrimination (C=0.727, 95% CI 0.726 to 0.728).
conclusionPoor physical performance defined by the 6MWT improves prediction of CV hospitalisation in individuals with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ID 11101.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.