ArticleCancer2021
Geospatial access predicts cancer stage at presentation and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in southwest Nigeria: A population-based study.
Article in Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Stage at Diagnosis and Molecular Subtype Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers to Radiotherapy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa for Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Delays in seeking, reaching and access to quality cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Paving the way for more accessible cancer care in low-income countries with optimization.Health care management science · 2026Article
- Transportation-related factors, cancer screening, and stage at diagnosis: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- Endoscopy capacity in Nigeria: a national needs assessment and recommendations.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Health Care Professional Adherence to Breast Cancer Management Guidelines in Nigeria.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- The out-of-pocket cost of breast cancer care in Nigeria: A prospective analysis.Journal of cancer policy · 2024Article
- Impact of Location of Residence and Distance to Cancer Centre on Medical Oncology Consultation and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative and HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Geospatial disparities in survival of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa from the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes cohort (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Population-Level Access to Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis in Nigeria.JCO global oncology · 2023Article
- Advancing oncology drug therapies for sub-Saharan Africa.PLOS global public health · 2023Review
- Geographic Accessibility and Availability of Radiotherapy in Ghana.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Comparing absolute and relative distance and time travel measures of geographic access to healthcare facilities in rural Haiti.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Toward Equitable Access to Tertiary Cancer Care in Rwanda: A Geospatial Analysis.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Opportunities for Improvement in the Administration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for T4 Breast Cancer: A Comparison of the U.S. and Nigeria.The oncologist · 2021Article
- Geographic information systems for occupational cancer surveillance: a scoping review.Revista CuidarteReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe majority of women in Nigeria present with advanced-stage breast cancer. To address the role of geospatial access, we constructed a geographic information-system-based model to evaluate the relationship between modeled travel time, stage at presentation, and overall survival among patients with breast cancer in Nigeria.
methodsConsecutive patients were identified from a single-institution, prospective breast cancer database (May 2009-January 2019). Patients were geographically located, and travel time to the hospital was generated using a cost-distance model that utilized open-source data. The relationships between travel time, stage at presentation, and overall survival were evaluated with logistic regression and survival analyses. Models were adjusted for age, level of education, and socioeconomic status.
resultsFrom 635 patients, 609 were successfully geographically located. The median age of the cohort was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR], 40-58 years); 84% presented with ≥stage III disease. Overall, 46.5% underwent surgery; 70.8% received systemic chemotherapy. The median estimated travel time for the cohort was 45 minutes (IQR, 7.9-79.3 minutes). Patients in the highest travel-time quintile had a 2.8-fold increase in the odds of presenting with stage III or IV disease relative to patients in the lowest travel-time quintile (P = .006). Travel time ≥30 minutes was associated with an increased risk of death (HR, 1.65; P = .004).
conclusionsGeospatial access to a tertiary care facility is independently associated with stage at presentation and overall survival among patients with breast cancer in Nigeria. Addressing disparities in access will be essential to ensure the development of an equitable health policy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.