ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
Toxoplasma gondii PPM3C, a secreted protein phosphatase, affects parasitophorous vacuole effector export.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depletion of CARM1 slows in vivo tumorigenicity and rewires developmental programming in glioma stem-like cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic Effects on Tachyzoite and Host Cell Proteomes in Knock-Out Clones of the Open Reading Frames 297720 and 319730 Constitutively Expressed inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mapping amBio · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii PPM3H regulates the parasite virulence and modulates host immune and inflammatory responses in mice.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Loss of CARM1 alters the developmental programming of Glioma stem-like cells and creates a druggable NGFR/NTRK dependency.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Phosphatase UBLCP1 is required for the growth, virulence and mitochondrial integrity of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Smoking-Associated Carcinogen-Induced Inflammation Promotes Lung Carcinogenesis via IRAK4 Activation.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Trx4, a novel thioredoxin protein, is important for Toxoplasma gondii fitness.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- The plant-like protein phosphatase PPKL regulates parasite replication and morphology in Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Toxoplasma protein export and effector function.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- High-throughput identification of Toxoplasma gondii effector proteins that target host cell transcription.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Functional Characterization of 15 Novel Dense Granule Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Role of Protein Phosphatases in Apicomplexa: The Future of Innovative Therapeutics?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Review
- Secreted Effectors Modulating Immune Responses toLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Parasite protein phosphatases: biological function, virulence, and host immune evasion.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- Transport mechanisms at the malaria parasite-host cell interface.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Functional Characterization of 17 Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatases inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects a large proportion of humans worldwide and can cause adverse complications in the settings of immune-compromise and pregnancy. T. gondii thrives within many different cell types due in part to its residence within a specialized and heavily modified compartment in which the parasite divides, termed the parasitophorous vacuole. Within this vacuole, numerous proteins optimize intracellular survival following their secretion by the parasite. We investigated the contribution of one of these proteins, TgPPM3C, predicted to contain a PP2C-class serine/threonine phosphatase domain and previously shown to interact with the protein MYR1, an essential component of a putative vacuolar translocon that mediates effector export into the host cell. Parasites lacking the TgPPM3C gene exhibit a minor growth defect in vitro, are avirulent during acute infection in mice, and form fewer cysts in mouse brain during chronic infection. Phosphoproteomic assessment of TgPPM3C deleted parasite cultures demonstrated alterations in the phosphorylation status of many secreted vacuolar proteins including two exported effector proteins, GRA16 and GRA28, as well as MYR1. Parasites lacking TgPPM3C are defective in GRA16 and GRA28 export, but not in the export of other MYR1-dependant effectors. Phosphomimetic mutation of two GRA16 serine residues results in export defects, suggesting that de-phosphorylation is a critical step in the process of GRA16 export. These findings provide another example of the emerging role of phosphatases in regulating the complex environment of the T. gondii parasitophorous vacuole and influencing the export of specific effector proteins from the vacuolar lumen into the host cell.
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