SynthesisPloS one2020
Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04949061 (Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among COVID-19 Survivors), which is not on this map. Cited by 206 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among COVID-19 Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 398 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the 257 meta-analyses of the differences between females and males in prevalence and risk, protective factors, and treatment outcomes for mental disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- An umbrella review of the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: Call to action for post-COVID-19 at the global level.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Estimation of the prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of meta-analyses.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Assets and depression in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Depressive and anxiety symptoms amid COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in a low-resource setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis from Ethiopia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 Pandemic Increases the Impact of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of rehabilitation area professionals: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults ≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Anxiety in Dental Students during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A Chatbot to Support Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand: Evaluation of the Real-World Rollout of an Open Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of a Videoconferencing-Delivered Psychological Intervention for Mental Health Problems during COVID-19: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Clinical Trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2022Trial
- Community psychological and behavioural responses to coronavirus disease 2019 over one year of the pandemic in 2020 in Hong Kong.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Social contact recovery and depressive symptoms after the pandemic lockdowns: the lasting impact of child neglect.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Peer Support Services in the Veterans Health Administration: Lessons for Healthcare Organizations.Administration and policy in mental health · 2026Article
- Beyond Resilience: A Mixed-Method, Longitudinal Analysis of Difficulties and Positive Experiences in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychological Impact of Infection Fear on Healthcare Provider during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Health Promotion.Health promotion perspectives · 2026Article
- Gender differences and psychosocial stress in upper respiratory tract infections: insights from healthy and hematological cancer cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Clinical and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Hospitalization Burden, De Novo Anxiolytic Use, and Long-Term Survival.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has escalated the burden of psychological distress. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with psychological distress among the predominantly general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and World Health Organization COVID-19 databases (Dec 2019-15 July 2020). We included cross-sectional studies that reported factors associated with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcomes were self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Random-effects models were used to pool odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42020186735).
findingsWe included 68 studies comprising 288,830 participants from 19 countries. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% CI: 28%-39%) and 30% (26%-36%). Women versus men (OR: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.29-1.71; I2 = 90.8%]), younger versus older (< versus ≥35 years) adults (1.20 [1.13-1.26]; I2 = 91.7%), living in rural versus urban areas (1.13 [1.00-1.29]; I2 = 82.9%), lower versus higher socioeconomic status (e.g. lower versus higher income: 1.45 [1.24-1.69; I2 = 82.3%]) were associated with higher anxiety odds. These factors (except for residential area) were also associated with higher depression odds. Furthermore, higher COVID-19 infection risk (suspected/confirmed cases, living in hard-hit areas, having pre-existing physical or mental conditions) and longer media exposure were associated with higher odds of anxiety and depression.
interpretationOne in three adults in the predominantly general population have COVID-19 related psychological distress. Concerted efforts are urgently needed for interventions in high-risk populations to reduce urban-rural, socioeconomic and gender disparities in COVID-19 related psychological distress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.