ArticleBlood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue2022
Proof of concept: hypoxanthine from stored red blood cells induces neutrophil activation.
Article in Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- From metabolomics to transfusion-associated immunomodulation.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Comparison of Two Alternative Procedures to Obtain Packed Red Blood Cells for β-Thalassemia Major Transfusion Therapy.Biomolecules · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRed blood cell (RBC) units may contain a variety of molecules that can activate the neutrophil cascade turning neutrophils into targets for immunomodulatory molecules. Our metabolomics profiling of RBC units revealed a significant increase of hypoxanthine concentration during storage. Hypoxanthine catabolism in vivo ends with the production of uric acid through a reaction catalysed by xanthine oxidase during which reactive oxygen species are generated. Some authors have described in vitro neutrophil activation after treatment with stored RBC medium. However, the response of neutrophils to the action of xanthine oxidase upon hypoxanthine accumulation in the supernatant of RBC units has never been investigated. MATERIALS AND
methodsNeutrophils were isolated from peripheral whole blood and cultured at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO
resultsIn the presence of xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, alone and in combination with RBC supernatants, caused increases of TNF-α- and IL-8-positive cells after 5 hours of treatment. Moreover, IL-8 was quickly released, 30 min after stimulation. DISCUSSION: Here we show, for the first time, that neutrophil activation by stored RBC depends, in part, on the presence of hypoxanthine contained in the RBC units. Our results add hypoxanthine to the already known mediators of inflammation present in RBC units, supporting the evidence that medium from stored RBC may concur to boost inflammatory processes in transfusion recipients, potentially leading to negative post-transfusion outcomes.
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