ReviewNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2021
Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Invasive and Noninvasive Neuromodulation.
Review in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and gait training in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The Usefulness of Wearable Sensors for Detecting Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Cerebellar tDCS combined with augmented reality treadmill for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Frailty in Parkinson's disease: time to integrate it into treatment decision-making?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- A shared speed encoding model for running and backing away behaviours in segregated neural circuits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- At-home movement state classification using totally implantable cortical-basal ganglia neural interface.Science advances · 2026Article
- Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease: study protocol.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- The frequency-dependent effects of primary hand motor cortex stimulation on volitional finger movement.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- A New Methodological Approach Integrating Motion Capture and Pressure-Sensitive Gait Data to Assess Functional Mobility in Parkinson's Disease: A Two-Phase Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Case of Acute-Onset, Refractory Freezing of Gait Following Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Adjustment.Cureus · 2025Article
- Unveiling the neural network of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: A coordinate-based network study.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Could adaptive deep brain stimulation treat freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease?Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: critical markers for early AI-assisted diagnosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Effects of augmented reality cueing strategies on freezing of gait: The ELIMINATE FoG trial.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Predictive model for the therapeutic effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on the freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Olfactory Projections to Locomotor Control Centers in the Sea Lamprey.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impacts of gait freeze on quality of life in Parkinson's disease, from the perspectives of patients and their carers.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- A biodegradable and flexible neural interface for transdermal optoelectronic modulation and regeneration of peripheral nerves.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation using different frequency programming paradigms on axial symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFreezing of gait (FoG) is one of the most disabling yet poorly understood symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). FoG is an episodic gait pattern characterized by the inability to step that occurs on initiation or turning while walking, particularly with perception of tight surroundings. This phenomenon impairs balance, increases falls, and reduces the quality of life. MATERIALS AND
methodsClinical-anatomical correlations, electrophysiology, and functional imaging have generated several mechanistic hypotheses, ranging from the most distal (abnormal central pattern generators of the spinal cord) to the most proximal (frontal executive dysfunction). Here, we review the neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of gait initiation in the context of FoG, and we discuss targets of central nervous system neuromodulation and their outcomes so far. The PubMed database was searched using these key words: neuromodulation, freezing of gait, Parkinson's disease, and gait disorders.
conclusionDespite these investigations, the pathogenesis of this process remains poorly understood. The evidence presented in this review suggests FoG to be a heterogenous phenomenon without a single unifying pathologic target. Future studies rigorously assessing targets as well as multimodal approaches will be essential to define the next generation of therapeutic treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.