Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33368329›Full record

ReviewParasite immunology2021

Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and its hosts across the enzootic cycle.

Jennifer D Helble, Julie E McCarthy, Linden T Hu

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Parasite immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. ThemBio · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Virulence Regulation inMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Journal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Prevalence of Lyme Disease and Relapsing FeverPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  13. Observational
  14. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. What do we know about the microbiome ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jennifer D HelbleDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3518-069X
Julie E McCarthyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6370-5951
Linden T HuDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1659-5558
Tufts University · US

Funding

Development and Field Testing of a Novel Reservoir Targeted Antibiotic Against Borrelia burgdorferiR01AI152210 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI HU, LINDEN T, LEWIS, KIM · 2020 to 2025
$3.9M
Coping with Stress: Next Generation Approaches to Borrelia burgdorferi Host AdaptationR01AI131656 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI HU, LINDEN T, SKARE, JON T · 2017 to 2021
$3.3M
Role of human innate immune mutations in loss of tolerance to Borrelia burgdorferiR01AI150157 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI HU, LINDEN T · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Persister cells of Borrelia burgdorferiR01AI122286 · NIAID · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI HU, LINDEN T, LEWIS, KIM · 2016 to 2019
$2.3M
Understanding Human Immunological Responses to Ixodes Tick BitesR21AI146841 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI HU, LINDEN T · 2019 to 2020
$454k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI122286NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI131656NIAID NIH HHS R01AI131656NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150157NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152210NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI146841NIAID NIH HHS R21AI146841
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The bacterial pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease and is transmitted to humans through an Ixodes tick vector. B. burgdorferi is able to survive in both mammalian and tick hosts through careful modulation of its gene expression. This allows B. burgdorferi to adapt to the environmental and nutritional changes that occur when it is transmitted between the two hosts. Distinct interactions between the spirochete and its host occur at every step of the enzootic cycle and dictate the ability of the spirochete to survive until the next stage of the cycle. Studying the interface between B. burgdorferi, the Ixodes tick vector and the natural mammalian reservoirs has been made significantly more feasible through the complete genome sequences of the organisms and the advent of high throughput screening technologies. Ultimately, a thorough investigation of the interplay between the two domains (and two phyla within one domain) is necessary in order to completely understand how the pathogen is transmitted.

Indexed as

AnimalsArachnid VectorsBorrelia burgdorferiGene ExpressionHost Microbial InteractionsHumansIxodesLyme DiseaseMammalsMicrobiotaNymphSalivary GlandsBorreliaGene regulationIxodes sppVector-borne disease

Identifiers

PMID33368329
PMCPMC8058304
OpenAlexW3113465279

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.