Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33368173›Full record

ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2021

Identifying the 'Achilles heel' of type 1 diabetes.

M Battaglia, J H Buckner, M K Levings, S J Richardson, F S Wong, T I Tree

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

M BattagliaSan Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
J H BucknerTranslational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
M K LevingsBC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0305-5790
S J RichardsonInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
F S WongDivision of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2812-8845
T I TreeDepartment of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences (SIMS), King's College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When Thetis dipped her son Achilles into the River Styx to make him immortal, she held him by the heel, which was not submerged, and thus created a weak spot that proved deadly for Achilles. Millennia later, Achilles heel is part of today's lexicon meaning an area of weakness or a vulnerable spot that causes failure. Also implied is that an Achilles heel is often missed, forgotten or under-appreciated until it is under attack, and then failure is fatal. Paris killed Achilles with an arrow 'guided by the Gods'. Understanding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in order to direct therapy for prevention and treatment is a major goal of research into T1D. At the International Congress of the Immunology of Diabetes Society, 2018, five leading experts were asked to present the case for a particular cell/element that could represent 'the Achilles heel of T1D'. These included neutrophils, B cells, CD8

Indexed as

B-LymphocytesCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansNeutrophilsB cellscytotoxic T cellsneutrophilsregulatory T cellsviral

Identifiers

PMID33368173
PMCPMC8062995

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.